My Leadership And The Army s Leadership - 864 Words

I spent a number of years at 1st Battalion, 10th Special Forces Group (Airborne), based in Stuttgart, Germany. I grew up in the unit, learning as I went and increasing my responsibilities as I gained rank. Sometimes I had a Soldier or two for whom I was responsible. I mentored them, guided their activities, and pushed them to become better leaders. Then there were other periods where I wasn’t necessarily responsible for troops. My leadership development took the form of mission management and initiative, unit training, or independent project development. I also began to notice the importance of organizational leadership and perspective. By the time I left the unit as a Staff Sergeant, having also undergone significant personal growth and maturing, I came to see leadership not so much as a set of tools to get things done, but an attitude or a mindset that must maintain. In my current assignment, it is my responsibility to project and promote the Army’s leadership values every day. This role has significantly informed my more polished leadership philosophy in the last year. What I have found is that when I approach my work with the right mindset and regard myself as a leader in every moment, the actual tasks of any mission are simply accomplished at, or usually above, the standard. It is the most important elements of that mindset that I seek to discuss here: professionalism, trust, and service. To be a professional is to first recognize your work as a profession. This meansShow MoreRelatedEthics And Morals That Make For A Good Law Enforcement Officer1625 Words   |  7 Pagesamazing that the values that the military stressed were so unfamiliar to many of the soldiers. I grew up in a household that used the â€Å"Army† values as a standard for living a good and productive life. The values that the Army stressed will always be my basis for any type of public service job. LOYALTY – bear true faith and allegiance to the U.S. Constitution, the Army, your unit and other soldiers. Outside the military this could focus on your state, department, other law enforcement officers andRead MoreI Believe Webb Was A Transformational Leader Essay1356 Words   |  6 Pages Throughout history, there have been various amounts of leaders and leadership styles. There have also been instances in American history where capable and influential leaders have been crucial to the fo rmation of our nation. A very inspiring and motivating leader in American history is Alexander S. Webb. I believe that Webb was a transformational leader. Born on February 15th, 1853, in NYC, New York, Webb was raised in a house with military leaders. Attending the United States Military Academy inRead MoreLeadership : Hitting The Target1178 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership: Hitting the Target The discussion about leadership and being a leader began echoing in my life in high school. This echoing came from many source at that time and even today. Through parents, teachers and other â€Å"authorities on leadership† always talking about how one is to be a leader and being a follower has a negative connotation. Typically when talking about a negative leader through social outlets, a character flaw had recently made the headlines, and everyone had their opinionRead MoreI Believe Webb Was A Transformational Leader Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, there have been many different sorts of leaders and leadership styles. There have been many instances in American history where capable and influential leaders have been crucial to our nation’s history. A very inspiring and motivated leader in our history is Alexander S. Webb. I believe that Webb was a transformational leader. Born on February 15th, 1853 in NYC, New York, Webb was raised in a house full of military leaders. Attending the United States Military Academy in 1855Read MoreValues Based Decision-Making Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesevaluations (Schwartz, 1999, pp. 24-25). Because values drive the way individuals select actions, this paper will outline how my personal, organizational, and cultural values affect my decision-making. Personal Values Personally, I hold numerous values essential, most notably respect, responsibility, and honesty. These values routinely affect my decision-making in my personal life. I believe individuals must live by the golden rule, treat others as you want them to treat you (Luke, p. 6:31)Read MoreEssay about Values Based Decision-Making1416 Words   |  6 Pagesevaluations (Schwartz, 1999, pp. 24-25). Because values drive the way individuals select actions, this paper will outline how my personal, organizational, and cultural values affect my decision-making. Personal Values Personally, I hold numerous values essential, most notably respect, responsibility, and honesty. 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Mexican War and the Austrian Succession War Free Essays

The two nations that wrestled in the Mexican War were both ill prepared and ill-equipped to fight.  Ã‚   The United States, whose population largely did not expect a war with the Mexicans almost immediately following the independence struggle in Texas, naturally did not arm its soldiers.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though Congress voted to declare war in an overwhelming majority, it did not readily act to enlarge the army or navy until after the declaration. We will write a custom essay sample on Mexican War and the Austrian Succession War or any similar topic only for you Order Now   Ã‚   Indeed, there were less than 10,000 troops on any of the few expeditions launched by the government in Mexican territory. If the United States was not prepared for a struggle with the Mexicans, the latter was less than suited for the conflict.  Ã‚   At the time, Mexico was languishing under the on-again, off-again rule by the war hero and tyrant Santa Anna.  Ã‚   He had fought against the Texans, lost and was ejected by an angry mob, leaving only a general or another to stand in his place.   When the latter became unpopular, Santa Anna would return and rule Mexico anew.   Prior to the Mexican War, the dictator was again toppled by mutinous soldiers, a General Paredes, and his own capital, Mexico City.  Ã‚   When the Mexican government did declare war against the United States, several factions throughout the country â€Å"declared† themselves against the government.   In the midst of this, Santa Anna was called in again to take the reins. Thus it was that the Mexican War utilized a small number of troops, and its subsequent major engagements involved less than 5,000 troops at any one time.  Ã‚   The objectives of the Americans, at the outbreak of the War had been to force the annexation of California and resolve the border dispute between it and Mexico.  Ã‚   These were the initial goals, and it was only out of sheer paralysis in Mexican politics that the war was dragged on and led to the long American march to Mexico. This was not at all different from any of the wars fought among the major powers of the 17th and 18th century for dynastic succession, particularly the Austrian Succession.  Ã‚   In idea it was the challenge of the succession of Maria Theresa as Empress of Austria.   In practice, it was primarily the Prussian goal of seizing the Austrian province of Silesia.   Dynastic wars like this were limited to regions of conflict, and were soon ended once an army of one power had been decisively defeated, or had reached their objectives.  Ã‚   Oftentimes, allies would agree to a separate peace with their enemies, and the war would only be prosecuted to its totality if the sovereignty of one nation were endangered. At the outbreak of war the Mexicans had 20,000 men on the roles, and 24,000 officers.   Most were not even prepared to go to war, and were hundreds of miles away from the fighting. The subsequent American punitive expeditions in California were reminiscent of the engagements between Prussia and Austria during the Austrian Succession.   Much of the initial fighting in that war occurred in Silesia, and gradually spread, but was mostly limited to the southern German territories. The fighting in California was mostly between armies in the mere hundreds; the decisive battles of Rio San Gabriel, and La Mesa were fought off between Americans in the hundreds and native Californians with less than that number.  Ã‚   In the former, the Californian artillery failed them, and in the latter the Californians had mere cavalry lancers to the American rifles. The fighting, meanwhile, in Northeastern Mexico, and on the road to Mexico itself, was harder fought.  Ã‚   Zachary Taylor fought a hard-fought, stalemate in the city of Monterrey, where the able Mexican commander General Pedro de Ampudia held off 2,638 American troops to his 3,140, for two days with great losses.  Ã‚   Eventually the fighting degenerated to the city streets, and Taylor, rather than have to go through the effort of a protracted battle against the enemy, agreed to an armistice with the Mexicans.  Ã‚   The general soon broke this agreement, and resumed the march to Mexico. The rampant demoralization of Mexico made the American campaign easier, as the Mexican military command was disjointed, and divided.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Like Maria Theresa going off herself into the field of battle, Santa Anna, after being forced out of exile by his government, promptly took its reins, levied 16,000 troops by sheer will, and marched off to meet Taylor himself in Buenavista.  Ã‚   When General Taylor finally faced the Mexican army, in the Battle of Buena Vista, 4,000 of Santa Anna’s troops had died of hunger, disease and desertion. They were exhausted when they faced the enemy.  Ã‚   Nevertheless, through the discipline of the ranks, the Mexican forces had at one point outflanked and near to routing the enemy, but for the timely reprieve of American artillery that drove the Mexican chargers off.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Defeated, Santa Anna was forced to march humiliatingly all the way back to Mexico City. These were the only major battles in the war that involved armies of thousands, and they were concentrated on the cities and employed siege warfare.  Ã‚   The battles that were fought before that time were greatly smaller in scale as to the battles fought between the Austrians and the Prussians in Silesia, or the Austrians against the Prussian ally in Bavaria. Like the Austrian Succession War, however, these Mexican-American engagements involved sweeping cavalry attacks.  Ã‚   The necessity of battle would compare Santa Anna with the despairing Queen of Austria, but the tactics he wielded were reminiscent of the Prussian Frederick. California having been occupied by the Americans, and Santa Anna having been defeated, the Americans would have assumed the Mexicans would sue for peace.  Ã‚   Indeed, Mexico fragmented yet again upon news of the defeat.  Ã‚   However, like Maria Theresa before him, who faced the Prussians alone and with no European ally left both during and after the First Silesian War (which was part of the Succession War), Santa Anna and his government refused to make peace, forcing the sending of another American expedition this time to force peace upon the capital. This was the army of General Winfield Scott, opening the campaign by an ambitious amphibious assault on the city of Vera Cruz.  Ã‚   Following the city’s surrender after a violent trade-off of artillery fire, Scott marched off to Cerro Gordo, where Santa Anna with a force of 12,000 men prepared to ambush them.  Ã‚   A forward regiment of the American commander discovered the hidden location, and Scott moved away from the line of ambush and outflanked the enemy, killing 1000 to 3000. The dynastic, limited wars of Europe were prone to disunity in command.  Ã‚   France and Prussia had been united in an alliance against Austria, in the second phase of the war; when Prussian troops had been used to siphon off the Austrian invasion in France, the latter country’s army refused to aid their allies.  Ã‚   So, too, in the course of the American campaign leading to the capture of Mexico City, General Gabriel Valencia, who held numerical superiority over the Americans, was ordered to withdraw just as the Battle in Contreras was already set.   Santa Anna promptly left the general and his army to be sizably crushed by the Americans.  Ã‚   The subsequent battle of Chapultepec where a greatly outnumbered enemy force was abandoned by Santa Anna. Finally, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ceded almost half of Mexico to the Americans.  Ã‚   Like Austria acceding to the Silesian loss, Mexico resigned to the loss of Texas.  Ã‚   Unlike the Austrian War, however, they also lost the California territory, as well as land that would comprise New Mexico.  Ã‚   It was a limited, set-piece campaign by the Americans, though it was not the first in the latter’s history.   The lack of discipline and unity of command of the armies of 17th and 18th century Europe haunted the Mexican army; Santa Anna acted more of a mercenary than a general. Had he prosecuted the war more competently, he would at least have forced better concessions from the Americans, for at the time of Buena Vista, most of California had already been lost.  Ã‚   The Mexican general could at least have fought battles that would have shaped the terms on the bargaining table.   As it was, brilliant though he might have been, Santa Anna lacked the fiber of integrity that Maria Theresa had. References Ritchie, D. A.   Altoff A. Wilson, Dr. R.  Ã‚   (1985).   Heritage of Freedom: History of the United States.   New York: MacMillan Publishing Company. Simpson, L.B.   (1966).   Many Mexicos.   Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Durant, W. (1965).   The Age of Voltaire.   New York: Mahony Roese. Mexican-American War. (n.d.) Retrieved April 9, 2008 from Wikipedia.   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican-American_War.       How to cite Mexican War and the Austrian Succession War, Essay examples

Tourist Resort

Question: Write an essay on the detailed marketing analysis of a famous tourist resort. Answer: The report is on the detailed marketing analysis of a famous tourist resort in Australia. It will give a clear and concise idea about the target market and position mapping in the tourism industry in Australia. It will describe different segments and position of the chosen tourist resort in Australia. It will provide information on macro and environment of the tourism industry in Australia. Based on the selected resort reputation, it will analyze consumer perception and behaviour about the chosen tourism resort and its branding. The report will also provide a detailed discussion on the marketing mix of the tourism industry. The report will give handful insight into commercialization and management of tourism industry in Australia. Target market, section, and positioning Tourism in Australia is an important part of the Australian economy. Tourism contributed to about 3% of Australian GDP in the financial year 2014-2015. Domestic tourism is also a significant part of tourism industry representing a major part of direct tourism GDP. Tourism has given employment to many people in Australia. It is also a major contributor in total export earning. Popular travel destination includes Sydney, Melbourne, high-profile destinations like Gold Coast and the Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest reef. The wildlife of Australia is also a significant place of interest for the tourist (Athanasopoulos et al. 2013). The focus of Australia's international tourism campaigns is to the laid back lifestyle of the country and their advertising campaigns. The advertising campaigns in tourism industry target a mass tourist from local population or a different set of the visitor from several parts of the world. Various National Tourism Organizations (NTO) like Tourism Australia adopt a segmented approach to research their market and business. The development of tourism is dependent on several factors like budgets, relevancy of destination, tourist motivation and ease of air access (Morrison 2013). All these factors and segmented approach is the core of Australia's marketing strategy. The marketing has become more sophisticated depending on famous destinations. The tourism market is driven by factors like quality and quantity of competitors, unique product and offering at a destination and most importantly on the visiting tourist. When establishing a famous tourist destination, they do research to find ou t the most appropriate target audience or visitor for a particular destination (Pomering 2013). Tourism Australia has also done extensive research to identify ideal passenger segment in Australia that helps them to meet their critical business goals and objectives. The earlier view was that tourist was segmented according to a country of origin, their mode of travel (Long-destination, inter-regional and domestic), style of travelling (free, independent, package, backpacker, etc.) and channels of distribution. But now they group tourist into segments by characteristics like psychographic, personal motivation and lifestyle of tourist (Forsey and Low 2014). At the psychographic level, very few tourist parts are there that cross national borders for travelling. Different tourist has different motivations and attitudes to travelling depending on the nationality and their cultural difference. All these characteristics influence individuals travelling preferences. So by this kind of research they can isolate global tourist segments that are ready for the Australian tourism experience. Therefore, the target audience is chosen by filtering out consumers through behavioural science studies, motivation research, segmentation studies and focus group of the total population (Ruhanen et al. 2015). The type of tourist generally coming in Australia is an international tourist, domestic tourist, and backpackers. New Zealand visitors are a part of Australian tourism market. They take short packaged tours mainly in iconic sights like Sydney, Gold Coast, the Great Barrier Reef, etc. Tourist also comes to view Australian native animals like koala and kangaroo. A major section of tourist to Australia is the backpackers. They come from European countries mainly Britain and from North America. This kind of travellers spent considerably more time in the country. Many backpackers take working holidays to stay longer. Work holiday visas for Australia are available for citizens of Canada, Europe, and East Asian countries like Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, etc. Domestic tourist market is the major contributor to the progress of tourism industry. Australians are good domestic travellers who go for short vacations to sea-side resort towns, mountain retreat, national park, fishing locations, famous tourist spots, etc (McKay et al. 2014). The report is based on the famous Lizard Island Resort in Australia. The resort is located on the Great Barrier Reef and nestled around 1013 hectare Lizard Island National Park. The resort island is situated on the western side of Lizard Island operated by Voyages Hotel and Resort since November 2009. It focuses on providing seclusion and water sports activities taking advantage of The Great Barrier Reef location. The resort has direct access to the Sunset Beach. The resort offers exquisite sea and garden views from the elegant and luxurious rooms and suites. Each room and suites have balconies or decks along with smart lifestyle amenities like Smart TVs, mini-bars, coffee maker, huge villas and private plunge pool. It also has an area for free sports activities like tennis, snorkelling, paddle skiing; diving trips to Cod Hole, etc (Anderson et al. 2015). The resort has a restaurant with a relaxed environment and daily changing menus. They also arrange 7-course beachfront dinners. Th ere is also an arrangement for a casual bar, freshwater pool, a gym and a spa. The Lizard Island is a secluded spot with 24 white-powdery beaches and 40 luxurious suites. It is the northernmost resort in tropical Queensland and located directly in Great Barrier Reef. Lizard Island situated in Lizard National Park has many sandy beaches and lagoons. It is accessible only by private charter from Cairns Airport in northern Queensland, Australia. The resort gives the fortunate few an unforgettable holiday experience like no other resorts. A tourist enjoys secluded picnics on private beaches and five-star cuisine Salt Water restaurant. There is an option for an essential day spa. It gives the tourist option to relax in style in private suites and absorb the beauty of Australia's Great Barrier Reef (Green and Wood 2015). The Lizard Resort Island is operated by Delaware North. This resort is listed in worlds to 10 hotels of the world. It has gained reputation mainly for its unrivalled Great Barrier Reef location. It offers exceptional marine diving, five-star dining, high-class spa service and other incredible experience to visitors. It is ideal for those tourists wanting some days of seclusion from work as the resort is located in secluded part on the northern most side of the Reef. It gives the tourist option to choose from 40 luxurious rooms and suites. They guarantee every guest sensational view and privacy at their suites. It has activities of interest for almost all age groups. They can explore the reef and its surrounding crystal blue waters, relax in white private beeches, indulge in water sports like diving, snorkelling, relax by a spa treatment, etc. It also gives tourist advantage of guided tours, cruise voyage, and private charters (Economics 2013). It services include: Food and Beverage: They are a leader in food service management. The resort has many restaurants, and they have the distinction of having the busiest and famous kitchens in the world. Retail: Delaware North is the chief operator of Lizard Island Resort. It has the experience of operating about 300 stores in resorts, famous attractions, airports, sport-venues, marketplace, etc. So its gives the unique experience to visitors staying at the resort. They want their consumers to come back to the place and enrich themselves with exciting activities at the resort (Billies 2016). Lodging: Delawares experience of hotel management extends from different countries in North America to Australia. Organizing different event requires specific skills and Delaware North has excelled in this department. They have developed luxury hotel suites such as in Lizard Island Resort and wilderness camps. They want every event to be a one-time unique experience for their consumers. So put a lot of efforts in organizing exciting events. So on the whole Lizard Island Resort is a stunning retreat for tourist giving luxurious seclusion and world-class facilities (Marshall et al. 2013). The Great Barrier Reef is a famous tourist destination in Australia. So Lizard Island resort location is very appropriate for attracting large tourist as the place is famous destination due to the Great Barrier Reef. The location attracts more than two million visitors every year. The place has been carefully managed for the interest of the tourist. They have taken permits for camping and other commercial marine tourism within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Those staying at Lizard Island have the advantage of closer reach to these location and marine activities as the resort is located nearby the Great Barrier Reef. Despite the number of traffic of visitors to this place every year, Tourism Australia has checked that the traffic does not have any effect or damage on the reef. There are also many other natural attractions like Uluru, Fraser Island, and Kakadu National Park. Uluru was awarded for being the best tourist attraction in Australia (Tourism and Jennings 2012). Positioning mapping: It is a tool used by marketing people to deal with products that they are marketing. The concept is that different person has different perception of goods. Similarly in the tourism industry, different people have a different preference for choosing a holiday destination. So to analyse the market, positioning map is created. The tool is necessary for comparison of various products to gain more knowledge and give better services or better product. The positioning mapping of tourism marketing can be segmented by factors like perceptions and attitude of terrorist. It has been explained above in segmentation section how tourist industry targets particular visitor after different filter process. Based on that they identify consumers and develop their strategies (Chang 2015). Figure 1: Positioning map of the tourist industry. Etravelweek.com. (2016). E-Travel Week. [online] Available at: https://etravelweek.com [Accessed 26 May 2016]. So from above position map, it is seen that Lizard Island Resort analyzed both low-service and high-service element. They analyzed a different kind of preference of customers from different parts of the world. Based on those preferences they plan the kind of services that they want to offer. As the resort is located in a strategic location in Great Barrier Reef, it is understood that it will attract influential visitors from different part of the world. So their focus is on giving luxurious high-class experience in the form of serene view, elegant surrounding, grand rooms, and suites, sports activities, etc. They have excelled in their service that is why it is distinguished as the best hotel in the world (Garca-Palomares et al. 2015). Micro and macro environment Marketing has two external marketing environments-one is the micro-environment and the other is macro-environment. The factors are not under the control of service giver, but they influence their decision while developing the strategic marketing strategy. These factors will be discussed here tourism industry: Micro environment factors: Suppliers: The success of any business depends on the suppliers. Suppliers have the main power as they are the main suppliers of goods and services. The quality of suppliers product and service is crucial to the business. In the case of Tourism Australia, all tourists related activities are checked by Tourism Australia. They have analyzed the demand of tourist to offer luxurious resorts and fascinating holiday destination to tourist coming in Australia. Lizard Island is an example of giving exceptional holiday experience to visitors coming in the Great Barrier Reef (Wang and Ap 2013). Resellers: Any product or service offered by the organization is transferred to the market by third-party resellers like retailers, wholesalers, etc. Tourism Australia has promoted the tourism industry in Australia by strategic planning and organizing promotion campaigns of the new tourist destination. In the case of Lizard Island Resort, Delaware North is its key operators. It acts like its reseller which handles the services of the resort and arranges for exception events that tourist will remember forever (Gustavo 2013). Customers: Customer is crucial to any business. Before making any product, marketers analyze why people will buy their products or why they will promote their product in the market. In a case of tourism in Australia, we have discussed how tourism industry does segmentation study to identify their target audience. Lizard Island has got visitors from all parts of the world due to its unrivalled location in the Great Barrier Reef (So et al. 2014). Competition: Competition is there in every business. So in order o excel in their business, the way they sell or offer their services is critical. They analyze how price and product differentiation affects customers. In the case of the tourism industry, we see that tourist traffic is crucial to their business. To attract more customers, they have to offer some unique features to their holiday destination and resorts. Lizard Island excelled in this regard as it gives exception holiday experience by its different services like world-class dining, spa, sports activities, etc (Gallarza et al. 2012). Macro Environmental Factors: Demographic forces: Different segments of the market are affected by demographic forces like the country of origin, age, ethnicity, education, cultural characteristics and lifestyle of consumers. The tourist choice of destination is also influenced by these demographic factors. It helps tourism industry in the segmentation of their market (Pang 2014). Economic factors: Finance is an important aspect of both the organizations production as well as consumer's decision making process. It is seen that tourism industry is driven by economic help from Tourism Australia. It has spent a lot of money in tourist advertisement to promote popular destinations (Tribe 2015). Physical forces: Proper utilization of natural resources like forests, agricultural products, marine products, etc. is also essential in business. This resource has been properly utilized in promoting tourism in Australia. Tourism Australia is also dependent on natural wildlife and national parks. People visit these places in Australia. The Marine resources like seas and beaches are also utilized by resort to giving tourist exciting sports activities in the sea like scuba diving, snorkelling, etc (Goodall and Ashworth 2013). Technological factors: Technology is also a crucial part of production or service delivery. The tourism industry also has taken steps in this regard. Like in Lizard Island Resort, there is an option for high-class entertainment in their private suits in the form of high technological gadgets, movie theatres, etc. They also book passengers from online website and provide excellent service to tourist (Buhalis and Wagner 2013). Political and legal factors: Marketing decisions are taken in compliance with recent political and legal developments. In the case of the tourism sector in Australia, we see that tourism department took special permits from the government for sports activities like diving and snorkelling activities. They also checked not to damage the reefs in spite of significant traffic at the Great Barrier Reef (Sharpley and Telfer 2014). Social and cultural forces: Any marketing strategy should always analyze social and cultural aspects of society. The product and services should not risk the society in any way. So that factor should be considered in any industry whether it is related to tourism or product (Pearce 2013). Consumer perception and behaviour about the brand Australia is very popular among world tourist. The country has the goal of Tourism 2020. To do this, they have increased annual spending on tourism. Different popular destination and world class resorts and beaches are the reason for high traffic of passengers from all over the world. The tourist gives positive feedback about their holiday experience in Australia. The International market has high expectation from Australia. To meet these expectations, they are delivering strongly. Its greatest attractions are world class beauty, safe environment, and welcoming citizens. Another perception about Australia is that it is a world class market for tourism, and it offers global travel option. Many consumers aspire and dream to visit Australia. They have the intention to visit the famous location once in their lifetime, and they have a greater awareness of different holiday spots in Australia. It is a place of interest for many people, and people aspire to visit the place to spend their t ime in leisure (Gssling et al. 2012). Marketing Mix The marketing mix is a tool to determine a product, service or brand offering. It is dependent on four Ps which are: Price: Pricing is a complicated process in the tourism industry. Any tourism package is dependent on geographic location, mode of travelling like flight, travel, hotel, etc., demand and supply of market. All these factors determine the pricing of tourist products like sports activities, resort lodging, dining, etc. Australia has strategic marketing operations to match current demand, the expectation of consumer and compete with other peer groups (Lovelock et al. 2014). Place: Tourism marketing depends heavily on distribution strategies. Every travel company works with agents and partners who help them in their business. Famous travels companies like SOTC, Thomas Cook, and Cox Kings work in this regard as a wholesaler and retailer of tourism. The success of any tourist centre depends on facilities like infrastructure, transportation, communication and ways of promotion of services. Tour operators also give other services like guided tours, hotel accommodation, airline flights, etc. Lizard Island also arranged for guided tours and other services (Vila et al., 2015). Promotion: Promotion is a crucial aspect for the success of tourism industry. A tourist organization like Tourism Australia plays a role in the creation of awareness through promotional strategies like advertising, publicity, sales promotion, word of mouth promotion and exhibition (Goodall and Ashworth 2013). Product: Product is a mix of tangible and intangible elements. In the case of the tourism industry, a product offered is the holiday destinations which can only be experienced by the tourist. The whole package of the product may involve destination, accommodation, facilities such entertainment, etc. A lot has been discussed important holiday destination of Australia above and also about product offerings in Lizard Island in this regard. Recommendation From the detailed report, we get interesting facts about tourism in Australia. We got a clear idea about world class destination and luxurious resort in and around Australia. Australia is renowned in the world as a famous destination in the world. We see that the greatest drivers of passenger demand in Australia are coastal beaches, aquatic and wildlife experience along with famous places like Tropical Queensland, Sydney, and the Gold Coast. Australia also scores high marks regarding looking after the safety of passengers. Since it is a world class destination, the only recommendation is that they try to maintain their position by constantly improving their services and updating latest tourist destination with unique events. Australia's perception about food and dining is different, so they can work in this department to give better culinary experience to visitors. It will create a great opportunity for future international marketing. References Anderson, L.G., Rocliffe, S., Haddaway, N.R. and Dunn, A.M., 2015. The Role of Tourism and Recreation in the Spread of Non-Native Species: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PloS one,10(10), p.e0140833. Athanasopoulos, G., Deng, M., Li, G. and Song, H., 2013.Domestic and outbound tourism demand in Australia: a System-of-Equations Approach(No. 6/13). Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics. Billies, R., 2016. Great Barrier Reef: What lies beneath. Buhalis, D. and Wagner, R., 2013.E-destinations: Global best practice in tourism technologies and applications(pp. 119-130). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Chang, H.H., 2015. Which one helps tourists most? Perspectives of international tourists using different navigation aids.Tourism Geographies,17(3), pp.350-369. Economics, D.A., 2013. Economic Contribution of the Great Barrier Reef.Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville,195. Forsey, M. and Low, M., 2014. Beyond the production of tourism imaginaries: Student-travellers in Australia and their reception of media representations of their host nation.Annals of Tourism Research,44, pp.156-170. Gallarza, M.G., Gil-Saura, I. and Holbrook, M.B., 2012. Customer value in tourism services: meaning and role for a relationship marketing approach.Strategic Marketing in Tourism Services. Bingley, UK: Emerald, pp.147-163. Garca-Palomares, J.C., Gutirrez, J. and Mnguez, C., 2015. Identification of tourist hot spots based on social networks: A comparative analysis of European metropolises using photo-sharing services and GIS.Applied Geography,63, pp.408-417. Goodall, B. and Ashworth, G. eds., 2013.Marketing in the Tourism Industry (RLE Tourism): The Promotion of Destination Regions. Routledge. Goodall, B. and Ashworth, G. eds., 2013.Marketing in the Tourism Industry (RLE Tourism): The Promotion of Destination Regions. Routledge. Gssling, S., Scott, D., Hall, C.M., Ceron, J.P. and Dubois, G., 2012. Consumer behaviour and demand response of tourists to climate change.Annals of Tourism Research,39(1), pp.36-58. Green, R.J. and Wood, P., 2015. 11 Australian Wildlife Tourism and Research Network.Scientific Tourism: Researchers as Travellers, p.165. Gustavo, N., 2013. Marketing management trends in tourism and hospitality industry: Facing the 21st century environment.International Journal of Marketing Studies,5(3), p.13. Lovelock, C., Patterson, P.G. and Wirtz, J., 2014.Services marketing. Pearson Australia. Marshall, N.A., Bohensky, E., Curnock, M., Goldberg, J., Gooch, M., Pert, P.L., Scherl, L., Stone-Jovicich, S. and Tobin, R.C., 2013. A Social and Economic Long Term Monitoring Program for the Great Barrier Reef.Key Findings. McKay, C., Brander, R.W. and Goff, J., 2014. Putting tourists in harms wayCoastal tourist parks and hazardous unpatrolled surf beaches in New South Wales, Australia.Tourism Management,45, pp.71-84. Morrison, A.M., 2013.Marketing and managing tourism destinations. Routledge. Pang, K.P., 2014. Impact of socio-demographics, fuel price and airfare on the domestic overnight travel decision in Australia.Tourism Economics,20(6), pp.1297-1318. Pearce, P.L., 2013.The social psychology of tourist behaviour: International Series in Experimental Social Psychology(Vol. 3). Elsevier. Pomering, A., 2013. Indigenous identity in the nation brand: tension and inconsistency in a nation's tourism advertising campaigns.Corporate Reputation Review,16(1), pp.66-79. Ruhanen, L., Whitford, M. and McLennan, C.L., 2015. Indigenous tourism in Australia: Time for a reality check.Tourism Management,48, pp.73-83. Sharpley, R. and Telfer, D.J. eds., 2014.Tourism and development: concepts and issues(Vol. 63). Channel View Publications. So, K.K.F., King, C., Sparks, B.A. and Wang, Y., 2014. The role of customer engagement in building consumer loyalty to tourism brands.Journal of Travel Research, p.0047287514541008. Tourism, M. and Jennings, G., 2012. Marine Tourism.Sport and Adventure Tourism, p.125. Tribe, J., 2015.The economics of recreation, leisure and tourism. Routledge. Vila, T.D., Darcy, S. and Gonzlez, E.A., 2015. Competing for the disability tourism marketa comparative exploration of the factors of accessible tourism competitiveness in Spain and Australia.Tourism Management,47, pp.261-272. Wang, D. and Ap, J., 2013. Factors affecting tourism policy implementation: A conceptual framework and a case study in China.Tourism Management,36, pp.221-233.

Workaholism The Issues on Working Too Much and Loosing the Essence of the Job Essay Example

Workaholism: The Issues on Working Too Much and Loosing the Essence of the Job Essay Workaholism has been called the respectable addiction. After all, workaholics make excellent employees. Inside, however, they may feel unfulfilled. Work can become either a distraction from painful feelings or an obsessive quest for approval. Ice protects the skater from drowning in water; activity protects the workaholic from drowning in feelings. Like the skater, the workaholic can put on a dazzling show. But it is all on the surface. What often lurks below? Mental-health counselor Linda T.  Sanford writes: â€Å"When the work addict is not consumed with work, he or she may be flooded with dreaded feelings of depression, anxiety, rage, despair and emptiness.† (2000, 17) The ingrained compulsion of many workaholics suggests that it is a long-term characteristic, possibly rooted in one’s upbringing. PEOPLE WORKING THEMSELVES TO DEATH? Trying to maintain an unreasonable work schedule can be dangerous. After examining the results of a survey of  3.6 million workers and 37,200 workplaces, Professor Lawson Savery of Australia’s Curtin University, along with a researcher, published a research paper entitled â€Å"Long Hours at Work: Are They Dangerous and Do People Consent to Them?† The answer to both parts of that question was, in effect, yes. We will write a custom essay sample on Workaholism: The Issues on Working Too Much and Loosing the Essence of the Job specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Workaholism: The Issues on Working Too Much and Loosing the Essence of the Job specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Workaholism: The Issues on Working Too Much and Loosing the Essence of the Job specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In a world where many toil for long hours, it is useful to distinguish between hard workers and workaholics. Many workaholics see the workplace as a haven in a dangerous, unpredictable world; the industrious experience work as an essential and sometimes fulfilling obligation. Workaholics allow work to crowd out all other aspects of life; hard workers know when to turn off the computer, to switch gears mentally, and to be present when celebrating their wedding anniversary, for example. Workaholics find an emotional payoff in overwork and get an adrenaline high from it; hard workers do not. Modern society blurs the line between the two as it glamorizes overwork. Modems, cell phones, and pagers may blur the boundary between workplace and home. When any place can be the workplace and any time can be work time, some will work themselves to death. How do some people react to such an unwholesome attitude? Sociologists have discerned a trend of overworked and overstressed people toward bringing spirituality into the workplace and integrating religious and professional lives. HOW HAZARDOUS IS WORK-ADDICTION? According to the study authored by Bonebright and her colleagues entitled â€Å"The Relationship of Workaholism With Work–Life Conflict, Life Satisfaction, and Purpose in Life†, they mentioned that organizations today actually value workers who are hardworking and self driven. Likely, the said employees are the ones making most for the business. It is undeniably true though that these people are also the ones usually needing of psychological assistance for the sake of reducing stress and increasing self control in terms of work addiction. Apparently, the study showed that people of such characteristic usually feel awful and desperately disappointed when they get things wrong especially at work. Moreover, this particular study also notes the fact that these people are also among those who are in the population of those who are usually getting the most dangerous sicknesses related to stress and over work such as heart attack and being overly tired resulting to nervous bre akdown that costs their health as much as they have earned for the hospital fees and medications that they have to pay for the sake of regaining the strength that they lost from working more than hard enough. From the same study, it has also been learned that the comparison between the non-workaholics and workaholics geared to a much better understanding as to who among the said workers are likely to acquire the most level of work related illnesses. Workaholic employees are likely the ones who are to have dangerous diseases that bring their health down. ON MEDICAL HEALTH AND DEPRESSION While some workaholics fall victim to disability and death, others succumb to burnout. â€Å"Burnout has no precise medical definition,† explains Fortune magazine, â€Å"but the commonly accepted symptoms include fatigue, low morale, absenteeism, increased health problems, and drug or alcohol abuse.† Some victims become hostile, while others start making careless mistakes. How, though, do people become victims of work burnout? Generally, it is not the maladjusted or emotionally disturbed who do. Often it is people who care deeply about their job. They may be struggling to survive fierce competition or toiling to climb the corporate ladder. They work long and hard, trying to take full control. But when unwavering devotion and nonstop work do not produce the expected satisfaction and reward, they are disillusioned, feel worn-out, and become victims of work burnout. What are the consequences? In Tokyo a telephone service called Life Line, set up to help would-be suicide vi ctims, is getting more and more calls from desperate middle-aged and older office workers. Of the over 25,000 suicide victims in Japan in 1986, an amazing 40 percent were in their 40’s and 50’s, and 70  percent of these were male. â€Å"It is because depression among middle-aged wage earners is on the increase,† laments Hiroshi Inamura, a professor of psychiatry. Then there is what has been styled holiday neurosis. The symptoms? Irritation on holidays from not doing anything. Driven by compulsion to work, the work devotee’s conscience troubles him on days off. Unable to find peace of mind, he paces around his small room just like an animal in a cage. When Monday comes, off he goes to the office, relieved. A unique type of depression that is now sending middle-aged workers to the doctor is the so-called home-phobia syndrome. Worn-out workers linger around coffee shops and bars after work. Eventually, they stop going home entirely. Why do they fear returning home? Though unsympathetic spouses may be a factor, â€Å"many had been working too hard and lost the ability to adjust to the outside world, even in many cases to their own family,† says Dr.  Toru Sekiya, who provides a â€Å"Night Hospital System† for such patients. HOW THE FAMILY IS AFFECTED Being focused with one’s work is not a wrong act at all. However, being overly dedicated to one’s particular job is quite overwhelming to the different aspects of the lives of such individuals. Most often than not, these people are the ones involved with the issues of not being able to complete their responsibilities with the relationships that they have in their personal lives. It could not be denied that the focus that they have upon their career issues is gradually making the life of such workers quite devastated on the part of their personal connections including the family. Itzhak Harpaz’s research on â€Å"Workaholism: its definition and nature† points out that workaholism has actually caused many individuals in acquiring higher amounts of financial savings while loosing most of their relationships in life such as friendships and family affairs. The research further acknowledges the fact that people of such characteristic believe that the modern society is primarily dependent on the making of a more productive employee population in the organizations today. Hence, as they continue to realize this particular idealism, they loose the essence of being alive in such a wonderful society. It is undeniably true that these people are having the hardest time appreciating the world around them including the people living around them as they are primarily focused on their careers and how they are particularly increasing the manner of their progress in their own field of interest. WHEN THE WORK FINALLY ENDS The book At Work sounded a warning in its introduction: â€Å"In our society, .  .  . so strong is the link between work, self-esteem and social position that, on retirement, some find it extremely difficult to adjust to a life free of their former work roles.† Those who center their lives on work must ask themselves this question: ‘What will I have left if my work is taken away?’ Remember, when a person retires, his life may revolve around his family and community. Those who have neglected the need for communication with their family and neighbors are at a loss after retirement to know what to talk about with them. â€Å"They are paying the bill for refusing to look at anything but work, are they not?† says a veteran counselor for middle-aged couples in Japan. â€Å"Their life lacked the human aspect, and they took everything for granted just because they were the breadwinners. When they retire, however, the tables seem to be turned.† Those 30 or 40 years of hard work, supposedly for the family, can backfire. How sad if after years of hard work, former breadwinners are looked upon as â€Å"industrial waste† and nureochiba (wet fallen leaves) by their families. The latter expression is used in Japan to describe retired husbands who have nothing to do but hang around their wives all day. They are thus likened to wet fallen leaves that stick to a broom and cannot be shaken off, nothing but a nuisance. DEALING WITH THE ISSUE Fittingly, though, experts generally see workaholism as a sickness, not a virtue. Jack needs to play—and not just when he is a boy; adults as well as children have this same need. Why? What do people get out of leisure, or play? One textbook on the subject made a list: â€Å"Self-expression, companionship, integration of mind and body or wholeness, physical health, a needed contrast or rhythm in the work-constrained schedule, rest and relaxation, a chance to try something new and to meet new people, to build relationships, to consolidate the family, to get in touch with nature, .  .  . and to just feel good without analyzing why. All these are among the benefits people find in their leisure.† True, sociologists have devoted many books to the subject of leisure and play, and they agree that leisure is essential both to the individual and to society. (Deal with Stress) â€Å"There will always be stress in life, and really what we have to look at is our reaction to it rather than trying to make the stress go away.† —Leon Chaitow,  noted health writer. Dealing with stress should actually engage one in knowing what he is actually prioritizing in life. Moreover, being concerned over the things that he is supposed to attend to, including himself and his family is a sure key to dealing with stress concerning workaholism.   Understandably, one has to know how to balance the life that he has and be able to see thing through to be able to attend to the most important things in his life which could include his health, his relationships with family and friends and his spirituality as a means of saving himself from all the stressful elements of the society today. Conclusion Many are toiling today, but few are finding deep pleasure in it. Less and less is the satisfaction of accomplishment the reward for men’s labors; more and more the target of their efforts is money. It is the era of materialism, when pride in fine work has been eaten by the corrosion of greed, and zeal for artistic attainment bows before the idol of commercial gain. Replacing love of work by love of money results in deterioration of quality of work and artistic attainments. Money rules, and degraded persons pay for degraded products. They may have more materially, but they have less spiritually. Instead of finding their pleasure in their work they seek it in the accumulation of money, but their anxieties and neuroses and mental disorders cry out the failure of their course. In centuries past men wrote or painted or composed music in dingy quarters and finished their life in obscurity, but they were rewarded with satisfaction in their labors, and this driving zeal of theirs prod uced the recognized masterpieces in literature and art and music. The money-makers of today get the rewards they seek, like the scribes and Pharisees and Sadducees who did their works to be seen of men; but both miss the deep pleasure and contentment of satisfying accomplishment. Created to work and enjoy it, many today hate it and dodge it and instead court wealth and cater to the desires of the flesh and are soon engulfed in. True, to be happy people need to work. But it should also be remembered that we need some rest, a change for mind and body to mend frayed nerves and recuperate physical strength. Vacations of limited duration are invaluable for renewing strength. But when the physical and mental and nervous energies have been restored by an enjoyable vacation people begin to get restless. The vacation has served its purpose. Then, working people have been made strong again for activity and they are then ready to go to work. To continue the vacation beyond this point is to enter a period of boredom and restlessness and to court the demoralizing dangers of idleness. Hence, people would want to get back to work. They miss the joy and satisfaction that come from useful employment. This is the real balance that is needed by people working for the priorities of their lives. References: Carter McNamara, MBA, PhD, Authenticity Consulting, LLC. (Copyright 1997-2008). Field Guide to Leadership and Supervision. WORKAHOLISM. http://www.managementhelp.org/prsn_wll/wrkholic.htm. (May 1, 2008). Robinson, Bryan E. (2001). Chained to the Desk: A Guidebook for Workaholics, Their Partners and Children, and the Clinicians Who Treat Them. New York: New York University Press, 62. ISBN 0814774806. Bonebright, Clay and Ankenmann. 2000; Burke, R. 1999. â€Å"Workaholism in Organizations: Gender Differences.† Sex Roles. Vol. 41, no. 5/6. p. 333-345; Griffiths, M. 2005. â€Å"Workaholism is still a useful construct.† Addiction Theory and Research . Vol . 13 , n o 2. p. 97 100 ; Kemeny, A . 2 0 0 2 . â€Å" D r i v e n t o e xc e l : A p o r t r a i t o f Canada’s workaholics.† Canadian Social Trends. No. 62. Spence and Robbins.1992. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-008-XIE. p. 2-7; Robinson, B. 2000. â€Å"Workaholism: Bridging the gap between workplace, sociocultural and family research.† Journal of Employment Counselling. Vol. 37, March. p. 31-47. Itzhak Harpaz. (2003). Workaholism: Its definition and nature. Center for the Study of Organizations and Human Resource Management Graduate School of Business University of Haifa. Cynthia A. Bonebright. The Relationship of Workaholism With Work–Life Conflict, Life Satisfaction, and Purpose in Life. Department of Psychological and Quantitative Foundations,  University of Iowa.

Discover More About Marine Reptiles

Discover More About Marine Reptiles Class Reptilia is the group of animals known as the reptiles. These are a diverse group of animals that are cold-blooded and have (or had) scales. They are vertebrates, which puts them in the same phylum as humans, dogs, cats, fish and many other animals. There are over 6,000 species of reptiles. They are also found in the sea, and referred to as marine reptiles.   The Class Reptilia, or reptiles, traditionally included a diverse group of animals: turtles, snakes, lizards and crocodiles, alligators, and caimans. Many scientists believe that birds also belong in this class. Characteristics of Reptiles Animals in the Class Reptilia: Are ectotherms (commonly called cold-blooded). These animals need to warm themselves up using external heat (e.g., the sun).Mostly bear their young in eggs, which are protected by an amniotic membrane (so reptiles are referred to as amniotes).Have scales, or did have at some point in their evolutionary history.Breathe using lungs rather than gills. Thus, reptiles in the ocean may be able to hold their breath to go underwater, but eventually need to go to the surface to breathe.Have a three- or four-chambered heart. Classifying Reptiles and Marine Reptiles Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: Reptilia Marine reptiles are divided into several orders: Testudines: Turtles. Sea turtles are an example of turtles that live in the marine environment.Squamata: Snakes.   Marine examples are sea snakes.Sauria: Lizards. An example is the marine iguana. In some classification systems. lizards are included in the Order Squamata.Crocodylia: Crocodiles. A marine example is the saltwater crocodile. The above list is from the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). Habitat and Distribution Reptiles live in a wide range of habitats. Although they can thrive in harsh habitats like the desert, they are not found in cooler areas like  Antarctica, because they need to rely on external heat to keep warm. Sea Turtles Sea turtles are found in oceans worldwide. They nest on subtropical and tropical beaches. The leatherback turtle is the species that can go in cold waters, such as off Canada. These amazing reptiles have adaptations  that allow them to live in colder water than other turtles, including the ability to shunt blood away from their flippers to keep their core body temperature warmer. However, if sea turtles are in cold waters too long (such as when juveniles dont migrate south quickly enough in the winter), they might become cold-stunned.   Sea Snakes Sea snakes include two groups: laticaudid sea snakes, which spend some time on land, and hydrophiid snakes, which live wholly at sea.   Sea snakes are all venomous, but they rarely bite humans.   They all live in the Pacific Ocean (Indo-Pacific and eastern tropical Pacific regions). Marine Iguanas The marine iguana, which lives in the Galapagos Islands, is the only marine lizard. These animals live on the shore and feed by diving in the water to eat algae. Crocodiles In the U.S., the American crocodile often enters saltwater. These animals are found from southern Florida to northern South America and can be found on islands, where they swim or are pushed by hurricane activity. One crocodile, nicknamed Cletus, swam out to the Dry Tortugas (70 miles off Key West) in 2003. American crocodiles tend to be more timid than American alligators and the saltwater crocodiles, which are found in the Indo-Australian region from Asia to Australia. Most reptiles give birth by laying eggs.   Some snakes and lizards can give birth to live young.   In the world of marine reptiles, sea turtles, iguanas and crocodiles lay eggs while most sea snakes give birth to live young, who are born underwater and must swim immediately to the surface to breathe. Marine Reptiles Reptiles that can live at least part of their lives in the marine environment include sea turtles, crocodiles  and some lizards. References and Further Information Galapagos Conservancy. Iguanas and Lizards.  Accessed October 30, 2015.IUCN. 2010. Sea Snakes Fact Sheet. Accessed October 30, 2015.Morrissey, J.F. and J.L. Sumich. 2012. Introduction to the Biology of Marine Life. Jones Bartlett Learning. 466pp.

The Roman Salute Morituri te salutant

The Roman Salute Morituri te salutant As the toga-wearing combatants face each other across an unforgiving circle of sand, they turn toward their laurel-wreathed eminence, snacking on grapes, and bellow: â€Å"Ave, Imperator: Morituri te salutant!† This staple of swords-and-sandals fiction, the gladiator’s salute to his Emperor, in fact likely never happened. Only a handful of Roman historians, long after the fact, mention the phrase - literally, â€Å"Hail, Emperor, those who are about to die salute you† - and there’s little indication that it was in common usage in gladiatorial combat or any other games in ancient Rome. Nonetheless, â€Å"Morituri te salutant† has gained considerable currency in both popular culture and academia. Russell Crowe mouths it in the film â€Å"Gladiator,† and it’s used over and over by heavy metal bands (most cheekily by AC/DC, who tweaked it â€Å"For those about to about to rock, we salute you.†). Origin of the Phrase Where did the phrase â€Å"Morituri te salutant† and its variations (†¦morituri te salutamus, or â€Å"we salute you†) come from? According to the historian Suetonius’s Life of the Divine Claudius, the account of that emperor’s reign in his compendium The 12 Caesars, written around 112 A.D., it stems from a peculiar event. Claudius had commanded an immense public works project, the draining of Lake Fucino for agricultural land. It took 30,000 men and 11 years to complete. In honor of the feat, the emperor ordered up a naumachia - a mock sea-battle involving thousands of men and ships - to be held on the lake before it was emptied. The men, thousands of criminals otherwise to be hanged, hailed Claudius thusly: â€Å"Ave, Imperator: Morituri te salutant!† upon which the emperor replied â€Å"Aut non† - â€Å"Or not.† After this, the historians disagree. Suetonius says that the men, believing themselves pardoned by Claudius, refused to fight. The emperor ultimately cajoled and threatened them into sailing against one another. Cassius Dio, who wrote about the event in the 3rd century B.C., said the men merely pretended to fight until Claudius lost patience and commanded them to die. Tacitus mentions the event, some 50 years after it happened, but doesn’t mention the plea by the gladiators (or more precisely, naumachiarii). He relates, though, that a large number of prisoners were spared, having fought with the valor of free men. Use in Popular Culture In addition to the above-mentioned films and rock albums, Te morituri†¦ is also invoked in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and James Joyce’s Ulysses.

High Performance Work Systems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

High Performance Work Systems - Assignment Example The items mostly depend on the motivation and the environment in which an individual operates. Common basic items supporting the principles promoting the high performance work systems are like workforce capability and capacity, workforce engagement, and communication. Productivity and workforce performance depend on the organization of workforce capability and capacity invoked by integrated labor productivity management. In every working environment employees, staffing capacity and needs is evaluated strategically and operationally to enhance perfection of their performances. Managements in collaboration, with CFOs and operational leaders from various firms, determine staffing needs based on volume forecast, historical trends, benchmark data, and internally staffing standards. Staffing plans are important in monitoring of compliance and hiring techniques to facilitate performance and recruitment plans. Communication enhances performance rate because most leaders and the entire staff members meet to share ideas facilitating the improvement of various organizations. Employees can converge to share ideas freely without any problems to voice the issues affecting them positively or negatively thereby promoting the high performance rate. High performance management enables the evaluation of every SDH employee, annually, by their superiors to increase productivity for their commitments in various facilities. Results from the survey help in the developments of workers’ Tasks in their activities promoting high performance within various organizations. The aspects outlined serve to promote high performance at SDH. Numerous high- performing work systems start with great directive recruitment and selection practices, which tend to be diverse and intensive to get the best performing candidate. The staffing practices tend to support techniques aiding most of organizations to save money by performing superficial job of hiring experienced professionals for

A literature review on the various roles of the HR manager Essay

A literature review on the various roles of the HR manager - Essay Example The practices of Human Resource Management have been integrated so that such an organisational culture could be designed in which the workers could identify their own success (Smith, 2006). The role of HR managers is becoming significant in organisations because ‘sophistication of human resource management practices can enhance the operational inefficiencies (Ijose, n.d.) and to remain operationally efficient having strong management team, designing the work according to successful strategy execution, retaining skilled people, designing the culture that may implement strategy critical activities and creating good policies and procedures that may support strategy execution are required (Higgins, 2005 cited in Ijose n.d.). A lot of research work has been done on the changing and various roles of HR managers in the organisations. In the new service paradigm, the HR managers are in the position to measure the pulse of organisation therefore; they have to be very responsive (Ulrich, Losey & Lake, 1997). The changes in the roles of human resources in organisations have significant implications not only for businesses but also for the HR functions and HR professionals (Bundy, 1997). The role of Human Resource managers is not limited to typical HR functions. Only determining the competencies cannot bring competitive advantage to the organisations unless the knowledge is integrated into the entire HR system therefore, HR managers should think systematically and strategically instead of thinking functionally and tactically about their area (Becker & Huselid, 1999). In a research on the impact of rapid change in Europe on HR managers by European Association for Personnel Management, it was found that nowadays, managers in Europe are required to give attention to traditional HR problems of line managers and they are also supposed to be specialised by line managers in various other functions so that they may get a broader business

TV Advertising Essay Example for Free

TV Advertising Essay Undoubtedly, nowadays such significant promotion medium as television is loosing its power and effectiveness. This is connected with a number of various reasons, including, first of all, a huge overload of TV ads on almost all national and local TV channels. Our TV movies and shows are being interrupted several times with long breaks for commercials, which can not reach their target audience, because the majority of viewers find TV advertisements annoying and simply switch their attention to something else. Therefore, the effectiveness of TV ads declines, because TV audience got bored of numerous commercials, which usually come in such moments, when viewers are not interested in that information or not ready to accept it. Another annoyance factor is overplaying of the same commercials, which can not attract attention and evoke any interest any more. Finally, modern electronic devices (like TiVo) allow elimination of commercials and, therefore, contribute in decreasing the efficiency of TV advertising. When comparing TV advertising with such promotional medium as magazines, we can come up with the following conclusions. The main advantages of magazine advertising are its being considerably less expensive, as well as the opportunity to offer repeated exposure. A magazine reader can see the same ads on several occasions, as well as attract a number of secondary readers. That is why we can say that a magazine advertisement lasts longer than a TV advertisement, though it doesn’t allow reaching that much wide target audience. Besides, although magazine advertising can not offer sound and advanced visual effects, it is still a very prestigious and effective promotional channel. Magazine advertising employs high-quality colored images and creative compositions, slogans, which can remain in memory for long time, as well as samples and testers (for some types of products). Finally, abundance of different ads on modern television makes watching commercials less controlled and more passive, while reading a magazine usually involves more mental engagement and higher attention of the reader. Bibliography:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consterdine, G. (n.d.). Magazine Advertising Effectiveness. PPMarketing. Retrieved April 15, 2007, from http://www.ppamarketing.net/public/downloads/MagAdEffect.pdf.. ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Templeton, B. (n.d.). The Future of TV Advertising. Bread Templeton’s Home Page. Clari Net Communication Corp. Retrieved April 15, 2007, from http://www.templetons.com/brad/tvfuture.html.

Children Tried as Adults Essay -- Juveniles Tried in Adult Criminal Cou

It is unfair for American children to know that though they can be innocent, they are treated as adults when they turn thirteen in some states. Although children have to learn the difference between what is right and wrong in their first years of life, most of them do not have enough experience to show that they are capable of living within society independently. Nonetheless, when they commit a serious crime-accidentally or purposely, the state mandate allows the judicatures to try them as an adult. There is a flaw here because they do not have a set personality, nor they can readily understand how humans abide by the law, nor do they have the cognitive ability to understand how to live in society. This paper will argue that the idea of trying children for their crimes in the United States as an adult is too extreme. In the United States, when one turns eighteen, people consider that the individual is an adult, but there is no written national law, nor a statement in the United Nations covenants that I know of that states that a person is an adult at that age. Age eighteen is accepted as a norm because the Constitution states that under the 26th Amendment, people can vote. Additionally, though it up to the states to decide, eighteen is when people can get a driver’s license and buy cigarettes. Controversially however, there are no state laws or federal laws set to decide at what age a person is eligible to go to an adult court or prison if proven guilty for an unpardonable crime. An example of this is in Alabama, where two males at age fourteen are currently spending life in prison for a murder, but to the non-profit group, the Equal Justice Initiative of Alabama it is cruel and unusual punishment and violates their human right... ...in juvenile cases: Mitigating and extralegal factors matter. Legal & Criminological Psychology, 12(1), 21. Redlich, A. , Quas, J. , & Ghetti, S. (2008). Perceptions of children during a police interrogation: Guilt, confessions, and interview fairness. Psychology, Crime & Law, 14(3), 201. Shook, J. (2005). Contesting childhood in the us justice system: The transfer of juveniles to adult criminal court. Childhood: A Global Journal of Child Research, 12(4), 461-478. Scott, E. , & Steinberg, L. (2008). Adolescent development and the regulation of youth crime. Future of Children, 18(2), 15-33. Semple, J. , & Woody, W. (2011). Juveniles tried as adults: The age of the juvenile matters. Psychological Reports, 109(1), 301-308. Steiner, B. , & Giacomazzi, A. (2007). Juvenile waiver, boot camp, and recidivism in a northwestern state. Prison Journal, 87(2), 227.

No Faith, No Love, No Time, and Dr. Lazaro Essay

The short story â€Å"Faith, Love, Time, and Dr. Lazaro† of Brillantes is caught in a juxtaposition and irony by the abstract elements of the title. This paper hopes to make these abstract elements concrete to further understand the story better. Furthermore, this paper will present a comparison and contrast of mainly two characters, Dr. Lazaro and Ben, as counterpoints. Faith often leads to the spiritual belief of the existence of a Higher or Supreme Being, in this case God (for the Catholics), which is contextualized in the story. On another level, faith is also believing in oneself, and this belief initiates the believer to proclaim, and spread such faith to others who are â€Å"non-believers. This is shown during the younger years of Dr. Lazaro, who firmly believed in God, but because of certain critical events in his life, lead to a loss of his faith. Looking at it on another level and from a professional perspective as a physician, Dr. Lazaro is emotionally and objectiv ely detached, as is required by his medical profession. On the other hand, Dr Lazaro’s inherent power to either save and heal or allow the ravages of disease to snuff life are perhaps reasons why he had been hard and emotionally detached. Firstly, after seeing a cancer patient suffering so much that even morphine, a kind of pain reliever, couldn’t even ease the pain of the patient, he was just back in his element, back in his coldness, numbness, and apathy. Lastly, his seeming air of detachment from reality while curing the tetanus of the child, juxtaposes with the impending reality of death and misery in the child’s family. But what could have done this to him? Perhaps, as a doctor, exposed to seeing patients undergo traumatic pain and deep suffering, could have anesthetized Dr Lazaro’s emotions. But this detachment, even aloofness is striking. His fear of having to deal with more pain prevented him to be at his best, especially after having experienced it himself. His son committed suicide by slashing his own wrist, and he could not do anything to save him. He felt that his efforts of saving life was useless. If he was not able to even rescue his own son’s life, what more others? These maybe are the underlying doubt and question that is in Dr. Lazaro’s mind that diminished his self-esteem, that made him emotionally detached. Because as a doctor, there are no room for doubts and fears but  rather only the belief in oneself and in one’s capability to help other people. Dr. Lazaro’s counterpoint, Ben, is different. Even at a young age, he was sure of what he wanted to be, and believes that he can follow a religious vocation. Although he may have a good career and become successful in being a doctor, surgeon or even an engineer, but is this really what he wanted to become? Ben’s faith in God, as well as his faith in himself, galvanized his stand to serve others by becoming a priest. Many clues and textual evidences to Ben’s desired career are shown. First, was his reading of a biography of a man who became a monk. Second, was when he baptized the child. Lastly, was when he was called Father Lazaro by his own father, Dr. Lazaro – after he performed the rite of baptism on the sick child.. The three showed concrete evidences of his wanting to become a priest. Love is passion and desire in disguise. It is when you do something, and you do it with your heart, mind and soul because of your desire, passion and love. This characteristic is shown by Ben in his passion of serving others by his desire to enter the priestly vocation. This desire to become a priest to serve others as minister of God rather than become a lucrative doctor or an eminent engineer became apparent when he subsumed others over and above and over self interest. The setting of the story has also intensified the color of love for Ben. It was set in April, midsummer, the hottest days of the summer season. Like April heat, it made love more raging and fiery. Ben didn’t have to be in Tarlac and stay with his father, he and his mother could have gone up to Baguio for a cool summer. But no, he stayed. He, like the April heat, is raging in love and desire to be of help to other people. The act of considering others before oneself is definitely a selfless act defined by love – made concrete through his desire of becoming of a priest. This is shown when he baptized the dying child, he baptized the child as a symbol of his love, his love of wanting to see him in the kingdom of God. Although Dr. Lazaro at first had the desire to also serve others, the death of his most loved son, killed off any love left for the doctor to serve, albeit mechanically, acting out a physician’s obligation, devoid of compassion and depth of feeling. His son who died was a reflection of himself. It was a treasure of his that he loved so much but which vanished so quickly. With the pains and sufferings, he grew more in hatred and not in love. Nevertheless, his blaming Adam for eating the apple was an unwitting  sign of still believing in the word of God. Nonetheless, to make matter worse, he hated God for taking away his treasure, the son, from him which is why he lost faith in God. It’s as if he had lost the willpower to live again. Time is an abstract element. Time is made manifest in the story not only by the sequence of events portrayed progressively by the plot, but by the seeming imperviousness of Dr. Lazaro to temporal matters that are expected of him – th at of sharing moments as father to his family which he does not; preferring instead to spend time ensconced in his study after work listening to classical music. Time is also the gap not only in the chronological difference between father and son, but more so by the glaring chasm that has separated both from each other – figuratively and emotionally. The detached air by which Dr. Lazaro tries to interact with Ben, and the trepidation faced by Ben to inform his father of his plans to enter the priesthood is indicative of a temporal and filial gap. Thus, no precious moments are shared by father and son except for the talk, which had to happen in the course of the long drive for sick call. Time can also be seen in the recollection of Dr. Lazaro. As he travels back in time and space, it proves only one thing that the past is not yet dead to him. He lives more on the past, than on the present. Regretting and wanting to have been able to show love, faith, he wished that he and his dead son must have spent more time together. He finds himself lost in time, and can’t express love and faith to anybody else. The name Lazaro has likened itself to that of the parable of Lazarus. There was a rich man who can have any human valuables in his life, but never dared to share it with anyone else. Lazarus was a beggar with sores lying at the gate who waited for leftovers and food scraps to fall from the rich man’s table to eat.. When rich man and Lazarus died, the former was tormented in hell and the latter went to Abraham’s side. The rich man asked Abraham to dip the finger of Lazarus in water to cool his tongue. But the chasm and gap had separated heaven and hell, hence, no one from any side could cross over the other side. He then requested to send Lazarus to his father’s house for he had five more brothers and warn them of this place of torment. Abraham replied that they must listen to Moses and the Prophets. But the rich man insisted to send someone from the dead to go his family and they will repent. Abraham replied that if they will not listen to Moses and the Prophets, they will not be convinced even  when someone rises from the dead. Dr. Lazaro was an allusion, pretty much like the rich man in the parable. Firstly, he had no faith in the existence of the Superior being, just like the rich man in the parable who never practiced his faith of sharing his riches with others. The rich man showed his love by way of his request to send back from the dead Lazarus to warn his equally delinquent brothers to mend their ways. Such action is definitely precipitated by concern and love to spare them from the same hellish fate. Dr. Lazaro, much like the rich man, only showed a semblance of love when there was already a big gap. Lastly, both the rich man and Dr Lazaro idled their time – the former surrounded by luxury and comfort oblivious of what goes around him, and the latter who prefers listening to classical music Needless to say, the story’s title should really means â€Å"No Faith, No Love, No time for Dr. Lazaro†.

Historical Biography of Archimedes

The presented text is a summary biography of Archimedes of Syracuse. Known as one of the greatest mathematician, scientist, and inventor; Archimedes’ notoriety has been maintained over centuries by the scientific discoveries and technological inventions he brought during his lifetime. This text relates of his many accomplishments in a semi-chronological order, in attempting to retrace the marking facts of Archimedes’ life. Archimedes was born in 287BC in Syracuse, Sicily. He was the son of astronomer Phidias (Crystalinks, 2008). Presently, there is no information specifying of the work accomplished by Phidias.Similarly, there is little detailed information concerning Archimedes life as a child and adolescent. According to history, Heracliedes wrote a biography of Archimedes which is subjected to have had detailed information about various aspects of Archimedes private life. Unfortunately, the biography was destroyed and many aspects of Archimedes personal were lost in t he process. It seems that the span of the years has erased the memories of his childhood upbringing. In fact so little is known of his personal life, that there exists no specifics on his coupled life. Whether he had a wife and children remains unknown to the present day.In comparison, his professional adult life has been studied and retraced century after century, relating of his incredible prowess with Mathematics, and of its unusual genius for technological inventions; some of which are still being used today, two millennia after his death. Historical texts mention his relation to King Hiero II, then the King of Syracuse and presumed uncle of Archimedes (Crystalinks, 2008). The validity of this relation to the Royal Family of Syracuse comes again and again in writings concerning Archimedes, and the few elements of his young adult life seem to confirm his privileged ranking in Syracusian society.In fact, Archimedes was schooled in Alexandria, Egypt where he traveled to as a teenag er to study mathematics (University of St Andrews, 1999). The many counts of his spectacular professional life as a mathematician, scientist, and inventor seem to retrace an origin to that period of his life. Certainly the ability to pursue university study confirms of his family ties to the Aristocratic society of Syracuse. He would later in his life collaborate closely with King Hiero II to come up with inventions to prevent Roman invasion of Syracuse.Some of those inventions of warfare are reviewed in further detail in the portion of this text dedicated to Archimedes technological inventions and innovations. Archimedes began study in Alexandria at the age of 18. He was then brought to study mathematics along with Conon of Samos, and Eratosthenes (Crystalinks, 2008). As a scholar in Alexandria, he was allowed to study both the theoretical and practical aspects of science and technology, that he often retransmitted back to Greece via letters of correspondence he wrote. It is believ ed that Archimedes spent five to six years in Alexandria at study.There are no other accounts during the life of Archimedes where he would have spent a comparable amount of time being educated in the formal sense. Following his study, he returned to Syracuse to become one of the most prolific scientist and inventors known to mankind. History tells that Archimedes invented the Archimedes screw while at study in Alexandria. The famous screw used to carry water from a low lying position to a higher position would found many useful applications and is presently used in modern day sewage plants. An amazing feat indeed.His ingenuity continued after he returned home to Syracuse, and was fueled by the desire to find adequate solutions in order to protect the city from Roman invasion. In fact, often under the demand of the King, he undertook and completed several inventions targeted at warfare. For so doing, he used mechanisms of destruction and others of dissuasion that proved efficient as they held the roman invader, General Marcus Claudius Marcellus, from entering the city of Syracuse for two consecutive years. Archimedes died in 212BC, while Syracuse was under siege by the Roman invaders.The story tells that he was killed by a roman soldier during the attack of Syracuse (Crystalinks, 2008). His mathematical Genius Archimedes of Syracuse is particularly known the world over for his stunning ability with mathematics, and in particular with geometry. In this section of the biography, we are to retrace the most important theorems he came up with, and relate of his most impressive scientific discoveries. On the contrary to most mathematicians, Archimedes mathematical inspirations often came from his work on Mechanics, thereby suggesting of an influence he brought to mathematics by making hypothesis based in the practical world.This is a very interesting practice which is peculiar and certainly differentiates his work from other mathematicians who mostly would come up wi th a mathematical theorem and then attempt to verify it in the physical world. Archimedes wrote extensively on his work, although most of his work vanished over the years. In particular, he wrote a treatise on mechanics and hydrostatics entitled the â€Å"Method Concerning Mechanical Theorems†, which according to history often inspired his work as a mathematician. As he seemed to find his inspiration in the physical mechanical world, Archimedes excelled in the field of Geometry.One of his famous discoveries was in relation to the comparable volume of a sphere and that of a cylinder. Archimedes was able to prove that the volume of a sphere equaled two-thirds of the volume of a cylinder for which the height equaled the diameter of the sphere (University of St Andrews, 1999). Archimedes was so proud for having found that mathematical reality that he insisted on having it carve on his tomb. Although Archimedes is often thought of as more of an inventor than a mathematician, he pa rticipated in several key developments in mathematics.Archimedes often made use of infinitesimal sums to arrive at proving his hypotheses (Crystalinks, 2008). The method is often compared to modern day integral calculus which is very similar to the methods he employed then. One of his famous mathematical proofs was the approximation of Pi. Archimedes often used his ingenious notion of the mechanical world to arrive at more conclusive mathematical realities. In order to estimate the value of pi more accurately, he designed a circle. He placed a polygon on the outside and on the inside of the circle (University of Utah, 1999).As he would raise the number of sides of each polygon, he came closer and closer to having a circle; effectively made of a series of small and connecting distances. As he reached 96 sides for the inner and outer polygons, he measured them to obtain a higher and lower boundary limit of the approximation of Pi. Archimedes concluded from the experiment that the valu e of pi was contained between 3+1/7 and 3+10/71 (Crystalinks, 2008). A remarkable feat leading to an impressive conclusion, which we consider today one of the most important proofs of mathematics.The formula for the area of a circle is also attributed to Archimedes who came up with the fact that the area was equal to the square root of the radius of the circle multiplied by Pi. His interest for arriving at mathematical truths based on geometrical realities as we can perceived them in a multi-dimensional system, led him to prove more theorems often relating to infinite series or infinite sums. Archimedes is known for determining the equivalency of certain rational numbers by determining their infinite sum.A rational number differentiates itself from a whole number (an integer for instance), as it has an integer portion and a decimal portion. The infinite sum approximation is often used in mathematics today to estimate areas and volumes in two dimensional and three dimensional spaces primarily. The technique he employed in his infinitesimal related theorems are commonly called method of exhaustion in modern day mathematics (University of St Andrews, 1999). As impressive as his ability for arriving at mathematical reality was, it made even more physical sense when he applied it to the physical world in which we live.Many of Archimedes theories relating to physics are closely relating to the fields of geometry and physics in general. Often the geometrical mystique of an object would eventually lead to a physical mathematical reality of our world. It is seemingly in such proceeding that Archimedes came up with several theorems of mechanical nature. In fact, Archimedes discovered several theorems on the center of gravity of planes, and solids, and on the mathematical tools and methods to approximate those.It is interesting to mention that his work, whether in theory or practice was often commanded by the search of the infinite in the mundane reality of the finite. A rchimedes is known to have worked on the mathematical theories of spirals, where he helped to determine the mathematical formulation to describe spirals based on polar geometry. The work was compiled in a treatise called the Archimedean Spiral. The treatise describes in mathematical terms the function of a point moving away from a fixed coordinate at a constant speed and with constant angular velocity.The function described in the treatise corresponds to the geographical representation of a spiral, which in the treatise is the result of moving set of points in a given pattern, that of a spiral (University of St Andrews, 1999). Several of his written theoretical work came as correspondence letters, in particular to a person of the name of Dositheus, who was a student of Conon (Crystalinks, 2008). In some of his letters, Archimedes referred to the calculation of the area enclosed in a parabola and determined by a line secant to the parabolic curve.In the letters to Dositheus, Archimed es was able to prove that such area would equal to four thirds the area of an isosceles triangle having for base and height the magnitude of the intersecting line in the parabola. He arrived at the result using an infinite summation of the rational number one fourth. This particular mathematical demonstration would later prove invaluable in calculating the areas and volumes of various objects in using integral calculus, a modern form of Archimedes infinite expansion.One of his most famous scientific discoveries relates to the buoyancy effect of a liquid on a given object: often referred to as Archimedes’ principle. The principle explains that any body immersed in a fluid experiences a force of buoyancy which is equal to the magnitude of the equivalent gravitational force of the liquid displaced during immersion. In other words, Archimedes arrived at the reality that any object plunged in a liquid plentiful enough to maintain such object in equilibrium, would experiment a forc e in reality equal to the body of water displaced to maintain such equilibrium.There is a famous anecdote on how Archimedes came up with the physical theorem. Legend has it that it was during a bath that he came up with the concept for the buoyancy theorem. According to history, he came up with the answer to the buoyancy theorem in wanting to help his uncle, King Hiero II, to solve the Golden Crown Mystery. In fact, the story relates that the King, Hiero II, sent a certain amount of gold to his goldsmith to be made into a crown. When the crown returned from the goldsmith, the King apparently noticed that it was lighter than the presumed amount of gold that was given to the goldsmith.King Hiero II presented the dilemma to his nephew Archimedes of Syracuse, who supposedly came up with an answer to the problem that very night. The legend states that Archimedes came up with the buoyancy theorem by filling his bathtub to the top. When he entered the bath, a certain amount of water poured out of the bath. He later on realized that the mass of the amount of water dispersed from the bathtub was equivalent to the mass of his own body. From arriving at this discovery, the story claims that Archimedes ran the streets of Syracuse naked and screaming â€Å"Eureka†, which means â€Å"I have found it†.The next day he reiterated the experiment with the Golden Crown and the same amount of gold that was initially given to the goldsmith, when he was able to confirm King Hiero’s assumption that not all the gold given to the goldsmith was used in making the Golden Crown (Andrews University, 1998). This amazingly simple proof carries one of the most important theoretical truths of physics. The principle of buoyancy is better known today as the Law of Hydrostatics, and is directly attributed to Archimedes of Syracuse.The above anecdote is a classic example of Archimedes’ability to confront complex theoretical problems by transcribing them into practical l ife. A considerable number of his experiments and scientific theorems were similarly found through empirical and methodical practical proceedings. Archimedes Inventions As a keen mathematician, Archimedes was particularly talented in determining physical solutions to various problems encountered in his life. Often, the mechanical tools that he devised were a direct projection of a theorem he wanted to prove or vice versa. One of his most famous inventions was the Archimedes screw.Sometimes referred to as Archimedes water pump, the device was created by the Greek mathematician during his study in Alexandria. Archimedes screw is a machine made to pump water from a lower level to a higher level. In short, an ingenious method for carrying water over distances thereby apparently defeating the law of gravity. The screw is made of a cylindrical pipe angled at fourty five degrees and containing a helix. When the bottom end of the device is plunged into water and set to rotate, the helixâ₠¬â„¢s rotation carries water from the bottom end of the cylinder to the top end (Crystalinks, 2008).Archimedes according to historians, devised another form of the screw in a comparable yet dissimilar shape. In our day, the system is being used primarily in waste-water treatment plants to pump sewage waters. There is little account however on the applications for which the Archimedes screw may have served during Archimedes life, other than its use for irrigation of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, and for removing water in the hull of ships. In fact, most counts of using the technique point to its modern day utilization.Other inventions brought by Archimedes received a considerable amount of attention, and found direct applications during his lifetime. From his close relationship with the King Hiero II, Archimedes was requested to build machines to keep the Roman assailant at bay. Archimedes successfully created several weapons of war that held the Roman invader several years. Archim edes is in fact known for inventing the catapult for that purpose. The catapult is a device based on the principle of the lever, which is capable of carrying an object several times its weight.When the catapult is fired, the object â€Å"flies† in describing a parabolic curve, prior to hitting its target. The catapult was often used during warfare as a defensive method to protect a territory from invaders. He would later on be used as on offensive weapon for attacking protected areas or castles. The catapult can be assimilated as the early form of a canon, which solely relied on mechanical means to operate. The device served Syracuse of Sicily well during the Punic wars of Rome vs. Carthage. Archimedes, at the King’s request, created several weapons to defend the city (Biography Shelf, 2008).Among such weapons were the catapult, the crossbow, and the claw; which could be used to cover several ranges. These various methods of defense allowed Archimedes to keep the Roman assailants at shore for two long years, according to historical reports. Archimedes also came up with the Archimedes ray, a device which was created to set invading ships on fire at a large distance. The device is made up of several mirrors forming a parabolic shape where the rays are reflected to subsequently interfere at a point which can be considered the focus of the parabolic shape.By aligning the mirrors adequately, it was then feasible to set ships on fire by focusing light reflected from the mirrors directly onto the ships. However, not all of Archimedes inventions were meant for warfare. The Greek mathematician and inventor came up with several devices to assist sailors to carry large objects from the water. Most of those devices operated based on the principle of the lever that was also used in the conception of the catapult. Off all of his work both in theory and in practice, only his writing remained to this day.In fact several of his correspondence letters were compile d into a repository of treatise commonly called the Archimedean Palimpsest (Cryslalinks 2008). According to ancient history, a palimpsest is a literal compilation of writings that were transcribed onto parchments and contained several layers of text on a given page. It seems evident to modern day historians and archeologists that the multiple writings on a single page indicated that parchment were expensive and hard to come by, and thus demanded that the author writes several times on the same page in order to conserve the precious parchment.The Archimedean palimpsest was made of the following treatises: 1- On the Equilibrium of Planes The treatise was focused on the principle of the lever and its various applications. The document describes how the principle of the lever can be applied to the calculation of the center of gravity of various bodies including parabola, hemispheres, and triangles. 2- On spirals The treatise â€Å"On Spirals† describes the mathematical function o f point moving in a curvilinear direction in a three dimensional setting. The work is better known under the appellation of the Archimedean Spiral. 3- On the Sphere and the CylinderThe treatise describes the mathematical derivation on the relationship between a given sphere and a cylinder having for height the diameter of the sphere. Archimedes was able to mathematically prove that in that very context, the volume of the sphere equaled two thirds to that of the cylinder. 4- On Conoids and Spheroids In this treatise, Archimedes demonstrates how to calculate the areas and volumes of conical sections, spherical sections, and parabolic sections. 5- On Floating Bodies Probably one of the most famous works of Archimedes, the â€Å"On Floating Bodies† treatise describes the theorem of equilibrium of fluidic materials.In this document, Archimedes proved that a body of water would take a spherical form around a given center of gravity. In the second volume of the treatise, he describe s the equilibrium states of parabolic sections partially immersed in a body of water. 6- The Quadrature of the Parabola This treatise corresponds to the mathematical derivation that the area made by the intersection of a line with a parabola equals four thirds of a triangle having a base and height both equal to the segment of the line intersecting the parabola. 7- StomachionThe treatise describes a problem in which Archimedes attempted to estimate the number of strips of paper of various shapes and quantities that would be necessary to reconstruct a square. The method is said to be an early version of the field of combinatorics. The Archimedean palimpsest was conserved over two millennia, and his now conserved at the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, MD. It is the only remaining work directly written by Archimedes himself to be existing today. Unlike the mathematician’s writings which were compiled in the Archimedean palimpsest, there are apparently no remains or originals of his practical inventions.The Archimedean palimpsest is direct testimony of Archimedes’ inclination for mathematical prowess, in particular when it concerned geometry. Most of his work that was conserved in the redaction of the palimpsest describes some very important rules and theorems for Mathematics. Among those, the approximation of pi and the use of the method of exhaustion to estimate areas, volumes, and surface areas of solids of varying forms were key elements leading to modern day mathematical practice.Some of his inventions are in use today, yet his name is most often associated in our era with the buoyancy theorem also known as Archimede’s Principle. References Andrews University, 1998, Biographies of Mathematicians – Archimedes, website available at http://www. andrews. edu/~calkins/math/biograph/bioarch. htm Biography Shelf, 2008, Short Biography of Archimedes, website available at http://www. biographyshelf. com/archimedes_biography. html Crystalin ks, 2008, Archimedes, Biographical Sketch of the Mathematician, available at http://www.crystalinks. com/archimedes. html Trebuchetstore, 2008, Archimedes: A biography, website available at http://www. redstoneprojects. com/trebuchetstore/archimedes_1. html University of St Andrews, 1999, Archimedes of Syracuse, School of Mathematics and Statistics, available at http://www-groups. dcs. st-and. ac. uk/~history/Biographies/Archimedes. html University of Utah, 1999, Archimedes and the Computation of Pi, website available at http://www. math. utah. edu/~alfeld/Archimedes/Archimedes. html