Stanley in A Streetcar Named Desire essays

Stanley in A Streetcar Named Desire papers Character Analysis of Stanley Kowalski A Streetcar Named Desire rotates around the relationship of Blanche with Stanley, who speaks to contemporary social qualities driven by male predominance. He is vicious and primitive all through the play, both in costuming (a component of display) and in exchange (for this situation, an outflow of both lingual authority and character). As the play advances, Stanley utilizes each conceivable apparatus accessible to him to enslave Blanche, including annihilating any conceivable sound relationship, segregating her, lastly assaulting her. In his first experience with Blanche, Stanley is disturbed in light of the fact that he realizes she has been drinking his alcohol. He detects an attack of his domain by Blanche, who has taken something that has a place with him. Stanley invites her into the Kowalski home; in any case, that acknowledgment requires that Blanche recognize his power. At the point when he takes off his shirt in this scene, it isn't such a great amount to tantalize Blanche as to exhibit his manliness. Stanley's longing to rule everybody around him discovers its definitive articulation in his relationship to Blanche. That longing touched off in Act I. During their first encounter, Stanley endeavors more than once to threaten Blanche into giving him the data he needs concerning the loss of Belle Reve. At first be that as it may, Blanche reacts just with tease and chuckling and at last, with a long denunciation easing her of duty regarding the misfortune, and presenting all the legalities on to him. During the following scene, when Stanley genuinely threatens Stella, indicating his own physical ability, Blanche endeavors to remove her from him. Over the span of the play he seems fixated on discovering Blanche's shortcoming; when he finds that she has submitted sexual thoughtless activities in Laurel and faculties her sentiments of blame concerning them, he acts right away. In the second encounter among Blanche and Stanley we see another regional debate. Ignor... <!

Marketing Segmentation Strategy Free Sample for Students

Questions: 1.Multisegment Targeting Offers Many Benefits to Firms, just as Many Additional Costs. Rundown two advantages and four Costs of Multisegment Targeting. Give Examples and Elaboration.2.Name and Describe four Categories of New Products.3.List the Four Stages of the Product life Cycle. At that point depict the Promotional Strategies utilized in each Stage.4.Describe every one of the four apparatuses of the Promotional blend to Promote the Product. Answers: Advantages and expenses of multi-portioning For an organization to prevail there is the requirement for fragmenting the market with the goal that the pieces of the market can be served best and makes the organization beneficial simultaneously. The requirement for systems that improve the best associations with the correct clients is constantly a need for some organizations that are competing[1]. The conventional mass showcasing that used to be a custom for most organizations is presently being surrendered. The organizations are currently creating items that are customized to address explicit issues of the clients. It has been noticed that shoppers have differing tastes and inclinations and as such portioning and focusing on such clients have profited most organizations that take part in such acts of segmentation[2]. One of the upsides of division is that it builds the emphasis on the endeavor. Division has the intensity of empowering an organization center around explicit market fragments. The profits as a rule increment with increments in attention[3]. A genuine model is the vehicle business like Toyota who began concentrating on divisions that manage little vehicles, a move that has seen Toyota rise all around. Multi-sectioning builds the seriousness of the company[4]. When an organization centers around a specific portion it implies that such a firm will advance items that suit such a market making the business progressively serious when contrasted with the competitors[5]. A decent delineation is the Johnsons child items that sectioned the infant advertise and has some expertise in infant stuffs a move that has seen Johnson guarantee a huge segment of the piece of the overall industry all inclusive. In any case, there are a few restrictions with multi portioning and are alluded to as the costs[6]. With the geographic division, it is restricted in scope as in it sums up the preferences and inclinations of buyers. The geographic division requires mix with another system in order to be viable. Sections, then again, will in general be little which may influence the activity of a firm. For the situation that the market served is little, it implies the organization will encounter low turnover which undermines a companys practicality over the long haul. In a market that has numerous brands, it might be hazardous sectioning such markets because of the numerous contenders giving such items. As an outcome, there are extra costs that lessen the benefits for the firm. In conclusion, on account of another item, it might be considered hazardous fragmenting such a market as no exploration has been directed on such new products[7]. Persuading the customers to use such products may require additional exertion in order to portion such a market. 2.Categories of new items Items can get arranged into different groupings relying upon the level they are set available. One class is that of new to world items where an organization goes an additional mile delivering an item that has never existed before[8]. In this class, the firm differentiates the item, and much of the time, the items are just new to the firm yet not to the previously existing the market[9]. A decent outline is the Coca-Cola Company that is notable for the great nature of its drinks. On the off chance that Coca Cola chooses to differentiate into bites and treats, at that point these new items would be delegated the new for the Coca-Cola Company. The subsequent characterization is the product offering augmentation which is the companys extra of more items to the previously existing stock. In this classification, an organization builds up a brand that stands apart among others with respect to shading, shape, and surface. In the case of Coca-Cola Company, as it has been watched, the organization is creating an extra item, for example, mineral water and squeezes and as such would get considered as extra products[10]. With item upgrades, it involves making corrections to the current item that is in the commercial center. Much of the time, the change might be minor or major and may include building up the highlights of the items to suit the changing needs of the purchasers. Now and again, the procedure is planned for refreshing the items so they fulfill the guidelines that are in the market or it might be the situation of mechanical improvement making the wares to be improved simultaneously. Such overhauls may make the item serious and increment the advantages that buyers can get from such an item. A genuine model is the Microsoft that has consistently been refreshing the windows, for example, there was Windows 7, at that point Windows 8 and right now the customers are utilizing Windows 10[11]. At last, item repositioning includes changing the picture of an item in the commercial center; in any case, the item in many occurrences is a current item. In many occurrences, there is correspondence that is planned to delineate the scope of advantages from such an item. Reposition of the item is additionally trailed by changing the plan of the item either through the method of bundling. A decent representation is when previously, Lucozade was intended for the wiped out, however starting today, it has been repositioned to serve the competitors. 3.Product lifecycle Customers have the propensity of buying items in the business sectors worth a huge number of cash each year. The items bought simply like the individuals have a lifecycle implying that there are those items that leave the market prior when contrasted with the others. The new items, then again, have the upside of being predominant in the market and picking up fame. Most organizations, then again, have put intensely in item improvement in the wake of understanding that their items have a restricted life expectancy and it is, subsequently, their duty to ensure they stay applicable in the market[12]. As items move and advance along the four phases, different stages ought to be utilized to keep up the accomplishment of the item. The limited time methodologies that can be utilized are as per the following: Presentation When propelling another item in the market, the fundamental goal of the firm will be to advise the objective gathering of the presence of such an item. Propelling another item is the most costly stage for any organization. At this stage, it will be basic to utilize useful publicizing, for example, the radio, TV, and magazines[13]. Development At this stage, it is portrayed by increment in the business volume and benefits. It is at this phase the organization appreciates the economies of scale which has the impact of pushing the benefits edges up. The organizations because of harvesting the benefits have the upside of burning through cash on the limited time methodologies with the point of augmenting their latent capacity. Since the item has just picked up acknowledgment from the objective market, the firm will utilize a technique that targets expanding the steadfastness of the customers[14]. Development At development stage, the item is as of now settled, and in many occurrences, the producer targets keeping up the piece of the overall industry. It is at this point rivalry is at its most elevated among the organizations and organizations are encouraged to put carefully in any market they wish to infiltrate. The item ought to likewise be in a situation to experience alterations or redesigns which can make them increasingly serious in the market. Since the item encounters more rivalry from different brands, there is have to participate in influential publicizing to tempt their customers to utilize their items over those created by the contenders. The advantages or focal points of utilizing an item ought to be conveyed to the crowd clearly[15]. Decrease The market for the item at this stage starts to decrease a phase alluded to as the decay stage. The decay could be related with a market getting soaked or in light of the fact that the purchasers have changed to a specific item. The decay stage however unavoidable, it despite everything gives chances to organizations to keep procuring benefits through lessening the expenses of creation or firms wandering into less expensive markets. Update promoting would be good at this stage reminding shoppers that the item despite everything exists. 4.Tools of limited time blend One of the instruments is promoting where it is important that attention to the new program ought to be made either through the flyers passing on the message on weight reduction. Publicizing can likewise accept the elements of the media through the TV, radio, and internet[16]. Deals advancement is additionally another valuable instrument. For this situation, since the program is very in the market, it is important to have the clients accept that there will be value cuts might be 15% off would be a lot and draw in numerous customers[17]. Advertising are planned for making an enduring impression about the organization. Holding a foundation crusade for the area may make a decent arrangement for the new program. Exposure may involve welcoming some conspicuous individual who gets highlighted in publicizing efforts utilizing the new products[18]. Individual selling has constantly held the convincing intensity of persuading the clients to buy the products[19]. Directing way to entryway crusades illuminating individuals regarding the new item and its favorable circumstances and advantages has the intensity of prompting a few people to join the program[20]. References Akers, Helen. 2017. What Is Multi-Segment Marketing?. Smallbusiness.Chron.Com. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/multisegment-advertising 25419.html. Bhasin, Hitesh. 2016. 6 Advantages Of Segmentation - Benefits Of Segmentation.Marketing91.Com. https://www.marketing91.com/6-points of interest division/. Bhasin, Hitesh. 2017. Restrictions Of Segmentation - Disadvantages

Predictors of Divorce According to Science

Predictors of Divorce According to Science Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems Print Predictors of Divorce According to Science By Marni Feuerman Marni Feuerman is a psychotherapist in private practice who has been helping couples with marital issues for more than 27 years. Learn about our editorial policy Marni Feuerman Updated on October 02, 2019 PeopleImages/Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse The extensive research of Drs. John and Julie Gottman have provided us with four primary predictors of divorce. They have termed these four main predictors, the “Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse” and they are  criticism, contempt, defensiveness and stonewalling.     The Four Horsemen That Predict the End of a Marriage All relationships have some degree of these characteristics, however, if there are more than one present or one that is unyielding, there will be  doubts about the viability of your marriage. Criticism When you criticize your spouse, it is done in a way that implies something is inherently wrong with him or her.  You may also be attacking your partner’s personality or character. The intent is to win the argument or prove your spouse wrong. For instance, saying,  â€œyou always…,”  â€œyou never…,” or “you’re the type of person who …” or “why are you so …” This will make the spouse feel attacked and is likely to elicit a defensive response.  These bad patterns cause you both to not feel heard. You both may start to feel bad about yourselves when you are around each other. It is critical to make a specific complaint about your partner’s behavior and not attack his or her personality. For instance,  saying when A happened, I felt B, I need C. Contempt Contempt is the scariest of the bunch. It concerns any statement or behavior, verbal or nonverbal that asserts superiority to your partner.  Examples of such behaviors may be mocking your partner, name-calling, eye-rolling, showing hostility, insensitive joking, hurtful sarcasm, sneering in disgust, and so on. It attacks your spouse’s sense of self. It is also intended to put down or emotionally abuse or manipulate him or her. Couples must work to completely eliminate such behaviors. A culture of respect, appreciation, tolerance, and kindness is a basic requirement in marriage. Defensiveness Defensiveness arises from a perceived attack with your own counter-complaint.  It is also another way to act like a victim or not to take responsibility for your mistakes.  Such behaviors are making excuses, or saying things like,  â€œIt’s not my fault…” It can also involve cross-complaining. This is when you match your partner’s complaint or criticism with one of your own. You then ignore what your partner said. Other defensive behaviors are “yes-butting” or simply repeating yourself without paying attention to what your spouse is saying. You must slow down and try to listen to your partner’s perspective. You do not have to be perfect.  Consciously communicate by speaking honestly and listening well. Don’t forget to validate your partner by letting him or her know you get what they are feeling. Stonewalling Complete withdrawal from communication (and essentially the relationship) as a strategy to avoid conflict is called stonewalling. It may look be physically leaving or completely shutting down. This might be an, albeit unsuccessful, attempt to calm oneself when overwhelmed. Stonewalling conveys disconnection, disapproval, distancing, and arrogance. Stonewalling might be giving the “silent treatment,” monosyllabic mutterings, changing the subject, storming out. The antidote to stonewalling is to learn to identify the signs that you or your partner is starting to feel emotionally overwhelmed. It’s a good idea to verbalize that you feel overwhelmed. You can both agree to take a break and that the conversation will resume when you are both calmer. Use Your Knowledge to Improve Your Relationship If you are married or in a serious relationship, you need to learn about the Four Horsemen. There are ways to better control these behaviors in your relationship. After an argument, claim responsibility for your piece in the escalation. What can you learn from it and what can you do about it? There are many things you can do to help reduce tension or de-escalate an argument.  For instance, apologize, express your understanding, or demonstrate your concern. There is no good reason to push buttons or purposely escalate the argument. Virtually all negative interactions with your partner are really a self-perpetuating cycle that thankfully you can exit from. When one of you gets triggered, the other reacts, there is a reaction to the reaction, so on and so forth. Slow things down and self-reflect by figuring out what you might actually be feeling underneath, for instance, you are really hurt when you yell in anger. You need to get comfortable expressing that deeper part of yourself. All of us have a lot to learn and to benefit from Gottmans research. But, if you still find the Four Horsemen are ruining your relationship, it’s time to seek out a skilled marriage therapist.

Rhetorical Analysis on Obesity - 1531 Words

The obesity epidemic is rapidly spreading throughout America, reeking havoc on the nation. I have chosen two articles that discuss this issue and use different rhetorical strategies to convince the reader of the causes of this deadly epidemic as well as different aspects of the disease that should be focused on when researching treatments options. Examining the different rhetorical strategies used in the articles proves that, although logos arguments can be a good way to convince an audience of your point, use of ethos and pathos arguments is a much more powerful strategy to inform and convince the reader to take action. Peggy Ward-Smith’s article entitled Obesity – America’s Health Crisis discusses of the obesity epidemic in America†¦show more content†¦Peggy Ward-Smith’s article focuses heavily on logos arguments, but also features subtle hints of ethos and pathos arguments as well. The first page uses a combination of logos, ethos, and pathos arguments to strengthen its case. The article begins with using tables to show how to calculate your body mass index to help put obesity in perspective. Beginning the argument by using percentages such as the fact that, in 2003, â€Å"obesity rates grew 74%† (Ward-Smtih 242) is a powerful example of a logos argument because you cannot easily argue with statistical proof and mathematical calculations. Ward-Smith then peppers in more facts about the exorbitant amount of money that has been spent on obesity in recent history. Using a phrase like â€Å"overweight and obese Americans cost the American economy over $117 billion† brings an ethos argument into play by addressing a sense of patriotism involved in fighting this thing that is sucking money out of your economy. Directly after, she also adds a pathos argument, discussing the prejudices facing obese people today stating that, â€Å"weight bias was significantly greater than biases against both gays and Muslims† (Ward-Smith 242). She explains that, â€Å"bias, prejudice, and discrimination have been associated with obesity explains and that â€Å"safeguards from weight bias do not exist† (Ward-Smith 242). This seems to be the only real pathos argument used, which leaves the readerShow MoreRelatedEssay on Rhetorical Analysis: Too Much of a Good Thing1292 Words   |  6 PagesRhetorical Analysis: Too Much of a Good Thing â€Å"At least 25% of all Americans under age nineteen are overweight or obese, a figure that has doubled over the last 30 years.† says Greg Crister in his article titled â€Å"Too Much of a Good Thing† which appeared on July 22, 2001 in the Los Angeles Times. In his article, Crister uses three common rhetorical strategies, ethos, pathos, and logos, in an attempt to persuade his audience, anyone raising children or interested in childrens health issues, of howRead More##hetorical Analysis Of David Zinczenkos DonT Blame The Eater1598 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Don’t Blame the Eater† Analysis Essay Increasing the options of fast food restaurants in America gave society different choices of where they can choose to go eat. Some restaurants may be cheaper than others, but what society didn’t realize was the cheaper the restaurant the more calories the food contains. The consumers didn’t seem to realize or have a problem with these cheaper companies until some consumers sued the company for getting them fat. This caused children to sue Mcdonalds the companyRead MoreSuper Size Me, by Morgan Spurlock Essay1099 Words   |  5 PagesDocumentary Film Analysis Paper In a society that is facing numerous problems, such as economic devastation, one major problem is often disregarded, growing obesity. As the American society keeps growing, so does growth of the fast food industry and the epidemic of obesity. In order to further investigate the main cause of obesity, Morgan Spurlock, the film director and main character, decides to criticize the fast food industry for its connection with obesity in America. In his documentary SpurlockRead MoreAn Analysis Of Brandon Knowlen s Campaign Advertisement Sequence, Obesity Is Suicide, For The Northern Bariatric Surgery924 Words   |  4 Pages5 October 2015 How One Person’s Diet...Can Kill Us All. A Rhetorical Analysis of Brandon Knowlen’s Campaign Advertisement Sequence â€Å"Obesity is Suicide† for The Northern Bariatric Surgery Institute Intro: Sausage Paragraph: According to the National Institutes of Health, â€Å"Obesity and overweight together are the second leading cause of preventable death in the United States. An estimated 300,000 deaths per year are due to the obesity epidemic.† When people become severely overweight it affectsRead MoreAnalysis Of Let There Be Dark By Paul Bogard801 Words   |  4 PagesDark†, Bogard elucidates on the absence of darkness in today’s world. With authenticity, Bogard analyzes the significant elements of darkness in both a rational and factual way. In â€Å"Let There Be Dark†, Bogard creates a refined and persuasive analysis using rhetorical appeals to endorse his ideology on preserving Earth’s natural darkness. Throughout the adaption, Bogard appeals to pathos when he discusses his childhood relationship with the darkness. Bogard says that â€Å"at my family’s cabin on MinnesotaRead MoreDonT Blame The Eater By David Zinczenko1049 Words   |  5 Pagesargument he makes the reader view the consumer as a victim yet on the other hand, what he is trying to persuade us to believe by using logos,pathos,and ethos in his argument is that the food industry is the one making the nations youth to increase obesity. The capacity of impressive questions and personal experience, he composed in the text he is able to comprehensively argue against the fast food industry. The author persuades us right away by starting of with a question: â€Å"Kids taking on McDonaldsRead MoreAd Analysis : Snickers Commercial760 Words   |  4 PagesAd Analysis: Snickers Commercial The average person will watch approximately 2 million commercials throughout their lifetime. In this technologically driven environment, it’s the most effective method of appealing to an intended audience. However, there is a lot more to an advertisement than meets the eye. There are numerous methods being used in order to appeal to the audience. Corporations and businesses focus on rhetorical appeal when it comes to creating a successful advertisement. This artRead MoreVeterans Adapting to Civilian Life1226 Words   |  5 Pagesin the media concerning veterans adapting to their new lives after military service. The essay probes three articles of various scholars in the field of media writing, nutrition, and psychology, using an analytical method, this essay examines the rhetorical appeals of scholarly reports that identify issues that affect veterans as they transit from military life to civilian life. For the purpose of this paper, three stories are considered: â€Å"War s Aftermath: Easing the Return to Civilian Life† by SaraRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Essay examples848 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Neil Boris Dr. Coyle Engl-101E 19 Sept. 2014 Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"A Guerilla Gardener in South Central L.A.† In South Central, Los Angeles, there is a food epidemic taking place among the population. For miles and miles, the only easily attainable food source is fast food; causing the overconsumption of un-nutritious, greasy, and fattening food. This is the problem brought to the public’s attention by speaker Ron Finley in his Ted Talks speech, â€Å"A Guerilla Gardener in South Central L.A.† FinleyRead MoreThe Effects Of Childhood Obesity On Children s Book By Danielle Jess884 Words   |  4 Pagesdistinguish the foods from which they eat. Childhood obesity has been steadily rising in the United States making it all the more important for children to understand what they are putting into their bodies (Jess). This problem begs the question as to what can we do to inform the youth of today? Danielle Jess, the presenter of this argument, decided to take action on this issue and did so by creating a children’s book. Utilizing different rhetorical analysis strategies such as verbal delivery, simplistic

Key Pieces of Behavior Essay Samples

Key Pieces of Behavior Essay Samples What Behavior Essay Samples Is - and What it Is Not The discussion is going to be undertaken from the point of view of an experiment. Today, among the basic concepts of rational choice is criminal behavior is caused by a person's thought and planning. 1 essay topic may be a journal entry from the view of a classmate. The reply to the previous question is extremely challenging to determine. Through reflective observation, individuals develop a distinctive thought process that they can use in various scenarios. In addition, a customer may ask the writer to submit part of the job for review and, if needed, ask them to make corrections. Secondly, it's expected that an individual should act in a particular way in order to realize the established goal (Kolb 245). In reflective observation, someone is needed to watch the actions of different individuals in order to acquire experiences. Gossip, Lies and Behavior Essay Samples By thinking about the procedure for conditioning, Skinner used two varieties of conditioning, including classical and operant conditioning. Behavior analysis is utilised to study the fundamentals of behavior in a scientific way. It can provide a lot of benefits if it will be created accordingly and under the supervision of a professional who is an expert in behavior analysis. A behavior analysis isn't easy to create especially if it's your very fi rst time to do one. Citations and extracts from several sources have to be formatted properly. If you are experiencing a hard time formatting a behavior analysis, referring to templates may be the very best thing to do. Since there are various ways on how behavior analysis can be useful to entities, there are likewise a lot of techniques that can be implemented to gather specific information needed in particular instances where the behavior analysis is going to be used. Since there are various explanations for why behavior analysis is necessary to be implemented, your objective has to be the very first thing you want to think of so that you may properly guide the stream of the behavior analysis processes. What About Behavior Essay Samples? Individuals may also predict on the grounds of the experiences acquired. The employees appear to be happy to work at QT. Active experimenting learners concentrate on luring individuals so they can do what is ideal. Management differs from discipline. Success, however, isn't the very same for everyone. What You Need to Know About Behavior Essay Samples There's, obviously, a limit on the variety of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. There are lots of accounts of such events, and people don't say they get help since they are concerned about appearances, and no reason to suppose they are. Multiple selection, or an essential elements of superior sample essays and thinking are very content family! It's natural and common sense that individuals learn from mistakes, but a significant quantity of adults did not have the opportunity to fail and learn how to address it. New Ideas Into Behavior Essay Samples Never Before Revealed Though a person born to a troubled family or in a tough environment may not try as hard in school because school isn't their priority. In fact, many devoted teachers arrive at the student's house to learn the problems they must encounter. The most apparent problem is the absence of discipline not just in school but also at home. There are lots of causes resulting in the terrible behaviors of the students in the class. The effect of negative classroom behavior is a significant topic in the area of education. The classroom routine ought to be established at the start of the year and students need to be made aware of it. The aforementioned techniques will allow teachers to comprehend the reason behind misbehaviour in the classroom and to help curb it. The next thing to do is to do everything you can to help students learn how to conduct themselves responsibly. The Appeal of Behavior Essay Samples Behavior analysis can explain human behavior and the way it can be impacted by other humans together with the community, the culture in an organization and other external elements. Explain whether you believe precisely the same behavior rules ought to be applied in all settings. A person's characteristics are acquired in a variety of ways. The various environmental things that influence the human behavior include the financial aspects, social factors, cultural factors, political aspects, and societal aspects. Most characteristics that are acquired through birth aren't very significant in deciding the work behavior of a person. The data of the person was indicated to be able to gauge the progress made towards stopping smoking. The plan of action ought to be seen from the view of a policy mechanism aimed toward reducing smoking. The changes are anticipated to reflect the goal of stopping smoking. Choosing Behavior Essay Samples There might be a few reasons as to why misbehaviour may happen. A child will subsequently use behaviour for a kind of communication. A kid's problematic or inappropriate behaviour is an indication he is upset and that something isn't right. Ethical behavior is about making choices.

Launching a new business Free Essays

Apex International Ltd is a health care product company. The company is about to launch a new product in the market. The health care segment of this company is well renounced with products ranging from medical devices to surgical apparel including sterilization wrap, surgical gloves, surgical drapes and gowns and other medical devices. We will write a custom essay sample on Launching a new business or any similar topic only for you Order Now In an over all sense their products are targeted towards general health and hygiene. Therefore the vision statement would be a logical conclusion to launch a product in alignment with general health and hygiene. At present the mission statement of the company is to expand and occupy global market with a new and ingenious product. This is because to mark an impact in the global market the company must employ a strategy in the parameters of product selection that would enable the company to stand at a distinctive position. This distinctive position would help the company to attain a better market segment. For the purpose, along with a new and effective product, the company needs a group of motivated employees who would be able to execute the laid down strategy by the top management. The company is confident about its present group of employees and is certain that the motivated workers would be able to execute the planning without much specified difficulties. Thus the employees should 1. Follow the laid down principals and strategies closely 2. Understand the need of the potential customers clearly 3. Understand the preference of the potential customers 4. Provide customer service at the highest level Business description The company is set to launch a new product in the line of its existing item but in an updated and creative mode. The business would be spread over a large amount of markets around the world, and would venture into the markets of Asia, especially China. This would be well supported by market segments of other continents like North and South America, Europe and Australia and Oceania. The business would be controlled by the central headquarter situated in each of the countries of operation which would controlled by the Continent Head Office. The supreme negotiations would be done from headquarter situated in New York as it is a predominantly New York based company. Operation requirements    Operation requirements for this project are vivid and intricate. Firstly the management has to development a perfect schedule in terms of production in the line of future market potentials. Secondly, it should be looked upon that every aspects of the potential market segment is evaluated and measured. In the third phase of the operation requirement it should be noted to understand the need and priorities of the targeted customers. Lastly, a core unit should be developed to look into the motivation factors of the employees in the long run. 2. Vision Statement As the general consumer durable health and hygiene related products of Apex International Ltd includes mostly fabric related products or versatile materials that are developed from synthetic fibers it would be a logical conclusion to include a product like a fragranced panty liner for white discharge in this context. At present Apex International Ltd deals in products of personal care such as feminine pads, incontinence products and diapers it would be favorable for them to include panty liners for white discharge in this list of products specifically when the base material of the panty liner for white discharge is aligned with the base material of the other mentioned and related product which is non-woven fabrics. In the context of non-woven fabrics it would be interesting to mention that Apex International Ltd themselves is responsible for manufacturing non-woven fabrics in huge number of grades that are numbered around hundreds. As these grades of non-woven fabrics are already operational for various purposes like spill control, car covers, industrial fabrics, home furnishings and flexible packaging making room for an additional product like fragranced panty liner for white discharge would not include any further fixed or capital cost to the company. As for the market segment part the new product i.e. fragranced panty liner for white discharge would become a market leader world wide when a support system of a company like the Apex International Ltd is applicable. To begin with it would be applicable to mention the need of panty liner for white discharge with a brief detail of white discharge as an ailment. White discharge is regarded as a vaginal discharge that is considered as normal during and after the menstrual period and it varies from woman to woman. It has been estimated that during the period of ovulation the mucous products increase and it has been reported that after the interval of ovulation the amount of white discharge increases by about 30 times. The material is elastic and watery in nature and therefore it is prescribed by the doctors to use panty liners during this time frame of the cycle. One of the most difficult propositions of this material is that it has a very bad odor. Thus to access this market with a significant product the company needs to introduce a product that is 1. Well Fragranced 2. Extremely Hygienic 3. Highly dependable 4. Cost effective 3. Sales, Marketing and Finance management plan Executive summary The marketing strategy of the Apex International Ltd would be to develop a fragranced panty liner for white discharge. Developing a healthy and attractive fragranced panty liner for white discharge would never prove to be very difficult for the company as it is already in operative stage with relative products. Situation Analysis The potential, if the assumable market of this fragranced panty liner for white discharge is taken into consideration, could be substantially huge. It has been estimated that without the use of a normal panty liner for white discharge various symptoms may arise like discomfort, itching or even pain due to formation of fungal infection due to the amount of white discharge. Therefore, panty liners are essential and as it is consumer durable in nature therefore there is no chance of market being exhausted. Moreover, with a better campaigning with the focal point mentioning the betterment and advantages of a fragranced panty liner for white discharge would certainly help the company to occupy the existing market of panty liners by a huge margin. Marketing strategy At present the market segment of the world of panty liners are segregated among numerous companies of which a bulk of the companies represents China. These Chinese companies would be the prime target once Apex International Ltd takes over the manufacture of this new fragranced panty liner for white discharge and makes the product operational. The major reason of targeting China as the premium competitor would be the reason that these companies are basically marginally equipped to compete in the international market. Therefore they should be the primary concern as being the softest targets of all. Secondly, the advantage of the Chinese companies to be able to penetrate into low market segment could well be nullified with the campaigns concerning health issues. Once this has been done a bulk of the customers would be diverted towards the Apex International Ltd’s product of fragranced panty liner for white discharge as there are hardly any individual who would compromise in terms of health issues. This would have an additional advantage for the company. Once penetration is possible within the market occupied by the Chinese companies it would also be possible to inflate the market with other products of the Corporation. This would be a double advantage and a scope of further optimization of revenue. Thirdly, the other plus point enjoyed by the Chinese companies is the ability to penetrate into the markets of different nations all at the same time. Financial projections The amount of customers for this fragranced panty liner for white discharge would be by no means negligible. It has been estimated that about 9 million women visit the gynecological department or the general practitioners each year. This is just the estimation of the United States alone. It would be quite interesting to find out the actual number of potential customers for this new fragranced panty liner for white discharge world wide. That would mean a titanic amount of potential customers waiting for the fragranced panty liner for white discharge if marketing and campaigns are well executed by the Apex International Ltd. (Dollard, 2005) Implementation Control Thus once China is marginalized from the basic market of the fragranced panty liner for white discharge the rest of the market would fall in place with competition on the equal ground with other European, Australian and US companies. Here the main advantage of the Apex International Ltd would be the application of the fragranced panty liner which would drive away other potential competitors from the market and by the time any other company is able to formulate something new like the fragranced panty liner for white discharge the battle for supremacy over the market would belong won by the Apex International Ltd. Therefore it is obvious that a brand new product by the Apex International Ltd would be resulting into a clear winner not only in the local or national level but it is a cut made up for the international level and thus should be treated as a cut above the rest. Reference: Dollard, John Robert R; (2005); The White discharge Syndrome; New University Press; 21-25 How to cite Launching a new business, Essay examples

There are two different parts to this play one is Essay Example For Students

There are two different parts to this play one is Essay subtler than the other. Every now and again Willy takes us into the past back to his Great American family. But it primarily depicts the events that occur a long time after that perfect family idea has flown out the window. Even still Willy from time to time relives that life he once had with the boys who could have done anything been anything, especially Biff who was the apple of Willys eye. Even Happy gets caught up in the past and how great things once were. Biff and his Mother Linda are the only ones that actually always live in reality. Linda knows what Willy does and how he has flashbacks but she allows it because she knows its what fuels him and keeps him going and without it there would be no Willy. Biff knows that this goes on but he cant comprehend his why she lets him do it. He thinks his father is crazy and is embarrassed by his actions. So it is like a small battle between father and son. Happy has no real relevance to this part of the story he is an accessory to this wh ole situation. What is keeping this family together? Linda is, she took the job of holding this family together at all costs. She is the peacemaker and tries to see both sides and understand. She does this with no credit what so ever she has always been over looked by her entire family especially Willythroughout the play she seems like this boring little role that is of no importance. But think about it logically. What if anytime during the play something happens to Linda. There are two possible out comes one would occur before this Great American Family had been demolished. What if she was killed by some freak accident like a car hit her when she was walking to the store. Would it have broken up this family even sooner than it originally would have. No, It would have brought them together. They wouldnt have all this animosity towards each other. Even though this event would have at first seemed like the unthinkable. These boys who were becoming men would look and see really how pre cious everything really is. And how important everyday is with each other because you may not be there the next. Linda had lived her whole life that way. She did not want to disturb what they had even if it meant sacrificing her feelings. Now what if she had died after Biff had returned from working on a farm? Would they have left each other to be alone with no one or would this event of tragic proportions bring them together. See according to what we know about Biffs personality he would be angry with his father and blame him. He feels that he now sees reality that he isnt living up on that cloud like his father and occasionally his brother were on. They would have it out like they did originally and I think it would have the same outcome. Because with the fight between Willy and Biff. Linda wasnt a real part of itsure she was there but it was between Biff and his father I think that the same events would have taken place and almost the same words would have been used between them. and yes I think Would have killed himself so that Biff and Happy could have received the insurance. But they both didnt want that.so the only way to really keep that family of Willy and his two boys together. Would be to have Linda the most innocent of all the Lomans die some how during the time that everything was going well. There are two different parts to this play one is subtler than the other. Every now and again Willy takes us into the past back to his Great American family. However it primarily depicts the events that occur a long time after that perfect family idea has flown out the window. Even still Willy from time to time relives that life he once had with the boys who could have done anything, been anything, especially Biff who was the apple of Willys eye. Even Happy gets caught up in the past and how great things once were. Biff and his Mother Linda are the only ones that actually always live in reality. Linda knows what Willy does and how he has flashbacks but she all ows it because she knows its what fuels him and keeps him going and without it there would be no Willy. Biff knows that this goes on but he cant comprehend his why she lets him do it. He thinks his father is crazy and is embarrassed by his actions. It is like a small battle between father and son. Happy has no real relevance to this part of the story he is an accessory to this whole situation. What is keeping this family together? Linda is, she took the job of holding this family together at all costs. She is the peacemaker and tries to see both sides and understand. She does this with no credit what so ever she has always been over looked by her entire family especially Willythroughout the play she seems like this boring little role that is of no importance. But, think about it logically. What if anytime during the play something happens to Linda? There are two possible out comes, one would occur before this Great American Family had been demolished. What if she was killed by some freak accident like a car hit her when she was walking to the store?Would it have broken up this family even sooner than it originally would have? No, It would have brought them together. They wouldnt have all this animosity towards each other. Even though this event would have at first seemed like the unthinkable, these boys who were becoming men would look and see really how precious everything really is, and how important everyday is with each other because you may not be there the next. Linda had lived her whole life that way. She did not want to disturb what they had even if it meant sacrificing her feelings. Now what if she had died after Biff had returned from working on a farm? Would they have left each other to be alone with no one or would this event of tragic proportions bring them together? According to what we know about Biffs personality he would be angry with his father and blame him. He feels that he now sees reality, that he isnt living up on that cloud like his fat her and occasionally his brother were on. They would have it out like they did originally and I think it would have the same outcome. With the fight between Willy and Biff, Linda wasnt a real part of itsure she was there but it was between Biff and his father. I think that the same events would have taken place and almost the same words would have been used between them and yes I think Would have killed himself so that Biff and Happy could have received the insurance. But, they both didnt want that, so the only way to really keep that family of Willy and his two boys together would be to have Linda the most innocent of all the Lomans die some how during the time that everything was going well. Unless a tragedy of that immense proportion occurred the Lomans were doomed form the start. .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7 , .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7 .postImageUrl , .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7 , .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7:hover , .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7:visited , .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7:active { border:0!important; } .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7:active , .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7 .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud7dddc4e948a23e2b7fc2622382cc7c7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Depresstion Essay We will write a custom essay on There are two different parts to this play one is specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

my opinion on politics essays

my opinion on politics essays To say that my family enjoys sports is a slight understatement. A better statement might be that my family is crazy about sports. Ive probably spent a good quarter of my life watching, discussing, playing, describing, analyzing, or listening to some kind of sporting event. Though Im not quite as athletically talented as either my brothers or sister, I nevertheless find the world of sports both fun and fascinating. I have always enjoyed sitting in the stands, losing my voice to support the event that Im watching. But I enjoy observing sports fans even more. i find it fascinating that fans get so involved in their team, forging a camaraderie between themselves and athletes theyve most likely never met. Team sports afford average people the opportunity to act vicariously through superstars; thus, the bond between a fan and his favorite player or team is a strong one. For the same reasons, I suppose, i am equally fascinated by politics. People align themselves with candidates and parties in the same way sports fans support a player or a team. The deep bond between a person and her favorite candidate or party creates a distinct partisan line. Partisan politics evoke the passionate fan in all of us; we become enraptured, leaving reality in our fervor and support. I want to exercise my fascination with politics by studying and analyzing our government, but most importantly, by playing an active role in the political processes of our country. I wholeheartedly believe in the important role of the individual in a democracy, and as I continue through life, I will speak my mind and participate as much as I can. Eventually, I hope that my involvement in politics will positively influence the path of our country, promoting liberty, justice, and freedom. ...

A Brief History of Seat Belts

A Brief History of Seat Belts The first U.S. patent for automobile seat belts was issued to Edward J. Claghorn of New York, New York on February 10, 1885. Claghorn was granted United States Patent #312,085 for a Safety-Belt for tourists, described in the patent as designed to be applied to the person, and provided with hooks and other attachments for securing the person to a fixed object. Nils Bohlin Modern Seat Belts Swedish inventor, Nils Bohlin invented the three-point seat belt - not the first but the modern seat belt - now a standard safety device in most cars. Nils Bohlins lap-and-shoulder belt was introduced by Volvo in 1959. Seat Belt Terminology 2-Point Seat Belt: A restraint system with two attachment points. A lap belt.3-Point Seat Belt: A seat belt with both a lap and a shoulder portion, having three attachment points (one shoulder, two hips).Lap Belt: A seat belt anchored at two points, for use across the occupants thighs/hips.Lap/Shoulder Belt: A seat belt that is anchored at three points and restrains the occupant at the hips and across the shoulder; also called a combination belt. Car Seats - Child Restraints The first child car seats were invented in 1921, following the introduction of the Henry Fords Model T, however, they were very different from todays car seat. The earliest versions were essentially sacks with a drawstring attached to the back seat. In 1978, Tennessee became the first American State to require child safety seat use.

Harry Potter file and music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Harry Potter file and music - Essay Example Patrick Doyle had to capture all the plots and subplots of the book, understand Newell`s attitude and contribute to the general picture with his score. Analyzing the film it is possible to say that Doyle`s sense of magic and humor along with solid experience helped him to create a perfect score for The Goblet of Fire. From the first Potter adaptation directors of the movies have changed several times, and the consistency was achieved with the help of Rowling’s meticulous work on the screenplay, talented young actors who were getting older in the same pace with characters, and most notably, impressive soundtrack created by John Williams. His works were noticeable with particular accent on the title theme which has become a cut-away of the movie. However, it became known long before the fourth part adaptation that Williams would end cooperation with Warner Brothers, and Potter`s fans were eager to know who was going to take his place. Michael Newman who directed the film in 2005 found classical-inclined Patrick Doyle whom he knew from previous common works. Newell chose Doyle for his "sense of drama, his sense of magic, and his sense of humor" (Webster 208). Doyle was prominent with his ability to create tension in a contrast with the help of orchestra. His previous collaborations with Newma n, Donnie Brasko and Into the West were marked by strong and persuasive scores. Doyle looked like an ambivalent figure as he managed to create impressive scores for two films which eventually turned out to be failures from the cinematographic perspective, Great Expectations and Quest for Camelot. In the same time he showed himself in romantic comedy genre writing entertaining and joyful scores for Bridget Jone`s Diary ad Blow Dry. These skills became useful for adorning children wizardry tale with humorous tunes. The scores created for Nanny McPhee and Nouvelle France are regarded as Doyle`s top level works as well. Thus, it is possible to conclude that Doyle was optimal

Answer 7 questions - each for at least half-page - 4 pages total, no Essay

Answer 7 questions - each for at least half-page - 4 pages total, no citations - Essay Example Islam is also depicted as fostering outright anti-Semitic behavior by exhibiting articulated anti-Christian and anti-Jewish bias. As such, Islam is depicted as fostering segregation of other world religions. The other stereotypes about Islam is that it promotes gender inequality and misogyny by rubber stamping female oppression in terms of spiritual status, social roles, and rights in Islamic marriage (Mazur 244). The other stereotype relates to the perception that Muslims believe in an angry God who sanctions suicide bombings and terrorism. Islam is also depicted as entrenching primitivism and societal limitations on its believers. Prophet Muhammad is regarded as the founder of Islam when he was ordered by God to divulge the holy Quran detailing directions and instructions that all Muslims should follow. Muhammad declined to be polytheist and opted to worship One God, the God of Abraham. When he was 40, Muhammad received the first of the numerous revelations when he was mediating in the cave of Hira. In the â€Å"Night of Power and Excellence,† Muhammad received a revelation from God through angel Gabriel in which he was commanded to â€Å"Recite.† In his response, Muhammad contended that he had nothing to recite, but the angel continued twice more leaving him bewildered and afraid. Later on, Muhammad acknowledged God as the â€Å"most Generous One.† In the revelations, Muhammad was commanded to express the Divine message as the last messenger of God. Muhammad confirmed the authentic teachings of prior prophets and rectifying innovations or mistakes of prior monotheistic faith traditions. The Vedas are regarded as constituting the earliest literary record of Indo-Aryan civilization and the most sacred. The Vedas detail the original scriptures of Hindu teachings and detail spiritual knowledge on all spheres of life. Vedas represents a large body of texts, which emanate from ancient India and that were created in Vedic

Formaldehyde: History and Importance

Formaldehyde: History and Importance 1.0INTRODUCTION Formaldehyde is the first member of the aldehyde family (CH2O) and is the most important aldehyde in the environment.3 It is a naturally occurring chemical and a by-product of most organisms, including human, industrial and natural processes. Formaldehyde forms from the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing materials; smoke from forest fires, in automobile exhaust, and in tobacco smoke. Atmospheric formaldehyde is formed by the action of sunlight and oxygen on methane and other hydrocarbons.2 Due to its simple nature, metabolic processes break formaldehyde into carbon dioxide. Formaldehyde does not accumulate in the environment or within plants, animals or people, as it quickly breaks down in the body and the atmosphere.1 It has a pungent odour and is an irritant and is an irritant to eyes, nose and throat, even at low concentrations. The recommended odour detection limit is between 0.05 1ppm.3 Formaldehyde is an important industrial chemical and is employed in the manufacture of many industrial products and consumer articles. More than 50 branches of industry now use formaldehyde, mainly in the form of aqueous solutions and formaldehyde-containing resins. In 1995, the demand for formaldehyde in the three major markets Northern America, Western Europe, Japan was 4.1ÃÆ'-106 t/a [Chem. Systems Inc.: Formaldehyde (April 1996).]. History of Formaldehyde Research in the early 1800s by Liebig discovered the chemical composition and nature of various aldehydes excluding formaldehyde due to the ease with which methanol was oxidized to formic acid and further synthesized to carbon dioxide and water.5 In 1859, Alexandra Mikhailovich Butlerov inadvertently discovered formaldehyde as a result of his proposed synthesis of methylene glycol [CH2 (OH)2]. During his laboratory experiment, Butlerov observed the distinctive odour of the formaldehyde solution while hydrolysing methylene acetate, which decomposed to form formaldehyde and water. 5 He also produced formaldehyde in other forms which led him to publish a detailed report of formaldehyde solution, its gas and polymer. He gave additional evidence of its structure and described the chemical reactions together with the creation of hexamethylenetetramine, [(CH2)6N4] on reacting with ammonia, (NH3). The main way by which formaldehyde is still being produced till date was discovered by A.W. Hofmann but with other catalysts. In 1868, Hofmann made a successive breakthrough by passing a mixture of methanol and air over a heated platinum spiral. This process is currently industrialised by use of a metal catalyst. Over two decades later, the isolation and purification of formaldehyde was achieved by Friedrich Von Stradonitz (1892). 4 1882 marked two significant improvements in formaldehyde research. Kekule then described the preparation of pure formaldehyde and Tollens discovered a method of regulating the methanol vapour: air ratio, thereby affecting the yield of the reaction.6 The spiral platinum catalyst was replaced with more efficient copper gauze in 1886 by Leow. Commercial manufacture of formaldehyde was initiated by a German firm, Mercklin and Losekann in 1889 with the first use of silver catalyst patented by Hugo Blank, another German company in 1910. 6 Industrial development continued from 1900 to 1905, when plant sizes, flow rates, yields, and efficiency were increased. In 1905, Badische AnilinSoda-Fabrik (BASF) started to manufacture formaldehyde by a continuous process employing a crystalline silver catalyst. Formaldehyde output was 30 kg/d in the form of an aqueous 30 wt% solution. The methanol required for the production of formaldehyde was initially obtained from the timber industry by carbonizing wood. The development of the high-pressure synthesis of methanol by BASF in 1925 allowed the production of formaldehyde on a true industrial scale. 6 Importance of Formaldehyde For several decades, formaldehyde has been used consistently in a wide range of products, ranging from personal hygiene, to medicine, to building products and much more. Many different resins are created from formaldehyde, which are in turn used to create other materials having different properties. Formaldehyde derivatives are used as preservatives in personal hygiene products because they kill bacteria or they are used to make other products more effective in terms of foaming action such as soaps and detergents. Its versatile chemistry and unique properties have created applications for use of formaldehyde in all kinds of every day products such as plastics, carpeting, clothing, resins, glues, medicines, vaccines and the film used in x-rays. One of the first benefits you derive from formaldehyde chemistry is as a child, when you received your vaccinations for childhood diseases. These include diphtheria, polio and influenza, to name a few. Since it also acts as a preservative, formaldehyde plays a critical role in our medical schools, preserving cadavers used in teaching human anatomy. It has been used for tissue and organ preservation for more than a century and has greatly assisted the advance of biological science.1 Importance of Green Processes The concept of Green Chemistry helps reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. This helps in dealing with the ever growing increase to protect the environment and the concept of sustainability. A lot of emphasis is based on the research and development phase of each chemical or product, to curtail issues affecting human health and environmental pollution. For every chemical or given product, the following guidelines should govern the choice of route:7 * Choice of feed-stock (costs are relevant of course, but also total resources, energy, waste, etc. in the manufacture of the given feed-stock are important factors) * Choice of reaction path (minimise energy requirements by use of selective catalysts) * Choice of catalyst (efficiency, separation from product, recycling of catalyst) * Down-stream processing/unit operations (minimising the number of stages necessary to obtain the product in the state desired by the customer) * Minimising not only the amount pollutants, but also the volume of waste streams (effluent/ off-gases and solid waste) * Recycling of auxiliary, side-, and intermediate products into the process. This report focuses on physical and chemical properties of formaldehyde (CH2O), its production processes and evolution through time as it tries to conform to some of the principles of green chemistry. 2.0PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS FORMS OF FORMALDEHYDE Formaldehyde is more complicated than many simple carbon compounds because it adopts different forms. Formaldehyde is a gas at room temperature, but the gas readily converts to a variety of derivatives. These derivatives generally behave similarly to gaseous formaldehyde and are used in industry.4 Physical Properties I. Monomeric formaldehyde: This form of formaldehyde [50-00-0], CH2O is a colorless gas that has a foul, overpowering odour and is an irritant to eyes, nose, throat and skin. Monomeric formaldehyde liquefies at -19 °C, and solidifies at -80 °C to give a white paste. The liquid and gas phases polymerise readily at low and normal temperatures up to 80 °C. Pure formaldehyde gas, on the other hand, does not polymerise between 80 100 °C and behaves as an ideal gas. Though it is not commercially available in this form, it can be prepared in the laboratory by the Spencer and Wilde method.6, 3 The molecular formula of gaseous formaldehyde in ambient air is shown below. II. Trioxane: 1, 3, 5- Trioxane is a stable cyclic trimer of formaldehyde, C3H6O3. It appears as a white solid with a chloroform-like odour but does not cause any form of irritation to living things. The pure form of trioxane melts at 61 62 °C boils at 11 °5C and has a flash point of 45 °C. Trioxane is used as a feedstock for some plastics, solid fuel tablet formulas and as a stable source of formaldehyde in laboratories.8, 3 III. Paraformaldehyde: this is a colourless, granular solid with a pungent and irritating smell. It is prepared by condensation of methylene glycol (HOCH2 OH), and its composition is best expressed by the formula HO- (HCHO) Q-H. Paraformaldehyde melts over a wide temperature range (120-170C), which depends on the degree of polymerization. It has similar uses to formaldehyde; it is commonly used as a source of formaldehyde for disinfecting large areas.3 IV. Formalin: The primary market for formaldehyde is in aqueous form, Formalin. It is a clear solution with the characteristic odour of formaldehyde. Methanol is normally present, 6-15%, to suppress polymerisation. In aqueous phase, the dominant form of formaldehyde is methylene glycol and polyoxymethlene glycol for concentrated solutions.3 Chemical Reactions of Formaldehyde I. Decomposition: In thermal decomposition, formaldehyde is relatively stable. At 150C, formaldehyde undergoes heterogeneous decomposition to form methanol and carbon dioxide. Above 350C, the reaction decomposes to form carbon dioxide hydrogen. Catalysts such as platinum, copper, chromium and aluminum are involved in this decomposition reaction to form methanol, methyl formate, formic acid, carbon dioxide and methane.6 2HCHO à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢CH3OH+CO HCHO à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢CO+ H2 II. Polymerisation: At room temperatures and very low pressures, formaldehyde monomer vapours tend to polymerise while at higher temperatures, monomeric HCHO can be maintained readily for several hours without polymerisation at an equilibrium vapour pressure. In the aqueous phase, formaldehyde is oxidized readily by even mild oxidizing agents, such as Ag(NH3)2+, and this property has been exploited in the development of several wet-chemical analytical methods for formaldehyde.3 III. Reduction and Oxidation Reactions: Formaldehyde is readily reduced to methanol with hydrogen over a nickel catalyst and is oxidized by nitric acid, potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate or oxygen to form formic acid or carbon dioxide, and water.6, 3 A Cannizzaro reaction occurs when formaldehyde reacts with a strong alkali or heated acid to form methanol and formic acid. HCHOaq+ NaOH à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢HCO2Na+ H2 H2+ HCHOaq à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢CH3OH In the presence of aluminum or magnesium methylate, paraformaldehydes react to form methyl formate. This is known as the Tischenko Reaction. 2HCHO polymerà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢HCO2CH3 IV. Addition Reactions: V. Condensation Reactions: Formaldehyde is a base product in many synthetic resin product.9 Formaldehyde condenses with urea, melamine, urethanes, cyanamide, aromatic sulfonamides and amines, and phenols to give a wide range of resins; Amino, Phenolic and Synthetic Resins.6 3.0METHODS OF PRODUCING FORMALDEHYDE Over the years, the starting feedstock for the commercial production of formaldehyde is Methanol. This feedstock has been produced by reacting carbon monoxide and hydrogen, both usually from natural gas or petroleum fractions, under high pressures in the presence of a catalyst.3 Various patents have been published for the production of formaldehyde but most with no commercial importance. Of all these, the procedure to be discussed is the reduction of carbon monoxide. 3.1Reduction of Carbon Oxides This process has been put through a lot of research due to its low cost of raw materials and potential simplicity. The end-product of this reaction is usually methanol with formaldehyde as an intermediate in the reaction. This process is a two-step reaction; part of the reaction is a simple hydrogenation process and the other, by the Cannizzaro reaction of formaldehyde with itself. The reaction with copper-alumina catalyst forms formaldehyde at temperatures of 282 487 °C and pressures of 117 410 atmospheres.10 CO+ H2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬ CH2O This reduction reaction is highly unfavorable as a means of formaldehyde synthesis due to the following reasons. * Unreasonable high pressures required to obtain high yields * To obtain equilibrium at a reasonable rate and avoid hydrogenation, an extremely active and selective catalyst would be required. 3.2Methanol and Formaldehyde Formaldehyde is industrially manufactured with methanol through three main processes.6 1. Partial oxidation and dehydrogenation with air in the presence of silver crystals, steam, and excess methanol at 680 720 °C (BASF process, 97 98 % methanol conversion). 2. Partial oxidation and dehydrogenation with air in the presence of crystalline silver or silver gauze, steam, and excess methanol at 600 650 °C (77 87 % primary conversion of methanol). The conversion is completed by distilling the product and recycling the unreacted methanol 3. Oxidation only with excess air in the presence of a modified iron molybdenum vanadium oxide catalyst at 250 400 °C (98 99% methanol conversion). Process 3, also known as the FORMOX process, a highly exothermic process, occurs at temperatures of about 350 °C. Though this process uses lower temperatures and a cheaper catalyst, the dehydrogenation process is still prevalent in the industry because of its lower operating costs.2, 3 Production of formaldehyde via conversion of propane, ethylene, propylene, butylene, ethers and butane are not economic therefore have little or no industrial relevance. In addition, the partial hydrogenation of CO and methane oxidation results in lower yields as compared to the former processes.6 3.3Development of the Methanol Process The initial method for the development of formaldehyde was originated from by Hofmann, which is the passing of a mixture of air and methanol over a heated platinum spiral and dissolution of this product to form aqueous formaldehyde, formalin.10 This process was replaced due to difficulties with explosions in completing the product recovery. Subsequent development involved the replacement of the platinum catalyst with platinised asbestos in a heated tube by Volhard. Further research by Tollens introduced the direct relationship between the methanol-air vapour ratio and the formaldehyde yield; which is still a main principle in todays industries. 10 Leow refined the two later processes by replacing the platinum catalyst with copper gauze. This initiated the first continuous process for formaldehyde production. The first stage of this process yielded about 15 20% formaldehyde, with an additional 30% conversion due to further heating of the reaction gases. 10 Though not aware at the time of the concept of green chemistry, research was carried out covering the preparation of catalysts, reaction times and temperatures, and product absorption during the early years of commercial development of formaldehyde. This led to technological development for the use of a silver catalyst by O. Blank in 1910. Thorough investigation with the use of this catalyst proved that higher yields were obtainable as to that of the copper catalyst. 10 Large scale manufacturing welcomed improvements in the method for vapourising alcohol, the scrubbing systems and in the control of the heat of reaction. The copper gauze was observed to disintegrate or fuse together with high air-methanol ratios. To tackle this issue, low ratios were introduced to help keep the catalyst active but this resulted in excess methanol distilled from the formaldehyde. 10 The progress made throughout the years has been achieved by the following: * Efficient catalysts * Improved methods of control * Implicit engineering economies 3.3.1Silver Catalyst Process This route is the classic method for the industrial production of formaldehyde. The two main reactions governed by this process are dehydrogenation and partial oxidation. The dehydrogenation of methanol is a highly endothermic, 650 °C, and heat of reaction is usually obtained from the burning of the hydrogen enclosed in the flue gas. These processes are usually carried out by reacting methanol and air over a heated stationary catalyst and scrubbing the off gases with water to obtain aqueous formaldehyde. 6 Addition of inert substances, water or nitrogen, aids conversion by using higher methanol concentrations relative to the oxygen supplied without reaching the explosive phase. A few key reactions take place during methanol conversion to formaldehyde. 3 CH3OH à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾CH2O+ H2 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H= +84kJ/mol H2 +12O2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ H2O à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H= -243kJ/mol CH3OH+12O2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ CH2O+ H2O à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H= -159kJ/mol Methyl formate, methane and formic acid are important by products of the above reactions. Below are a few undesirable reactions that must be avoided by proper control of temperature and other factors to obtain high yields. CH2O à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ CO+ H2 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H= +12.5kJ/mol CH3OH +32O2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ CO2+ 2H2O à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H= -674kJ/mol CH2O +O2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ CO2+ H2O à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H= -519kJ/mol The usual process for the commercial production of formaldehyde is through the incomplete oxidation of the methanol. So far, this has been proven to be the most optimal process because the distilled methanol is recovered and recycled in the process. This results in higher yield, higher conversion and a high atom economy. 6, 10 The BASF Process This process involves the complete conversion of methanol to formaldehyde (Reaction 1). This process indirectly applied some of the principles of green chemistry. 6, 10 1. Few reaction steps 2. Recycling of materials within the production system to optimise product recovery resulting in a very high atom economy. 3. Environmental awareness with combusted off-gases having no adverse effect on the environment 4. The use of water as a solvent 5. Incorporation of all materials in the process, maximizing final product with extremely low weight percent of by-products formed 6. Optimum surface reaction with arrangement of catalyst 7. Process conditions adjusted to ensure that in retrieving of the final product, the mixture is easily stripped without scare of an explosion. Incomplete Conversion and Distillative Recovery of Methanol In this process, methanol is partially oxidised and distilled to recover formaldehyde. This is the most widely used method of production. It should be noted that an economically feasible process is not necessarily a green process. Partial oxidation of methanol has similar characteristics but differ with the following with respect to green chemistry. 6 1. Two-stage reaction 2. Lower reaction temperatures adopted in the first stage to help suppress the formation of unwanted by-products. 3. Heat of reaction generated from cooling the off gases, recycled in the system reducing energy requirements. 4. Larger amount of methanol is recovered in this process with little presence of the b-products 5. Similar off-gases as produced in the BASF process 6. It also has an alternative route that recycles the tail gas from the top of the absorber. This reduces the amount of feedstock, methanol, required in the process. This produces a more concentrated solution and saves up cost for the distillation process and the yield is relatively high (91-92%). Factors affecting the yield in methanol oxidation processes * The higher the temperature in a dehydrogenation reaction, the higher methanol is converted in the process system. 10,6 * Process air controls the desired reaction temperature and the extent to which the endothermic reactions occur. 10,6 * Besides catalyst temperature, the inert materials added as stated earlier also affect the yield. 10,6 Some of the advantages of the silver catalyst process are listed below:11 * Most cost effective means of manufacturing formaldehyde * Increased formaldehyde yield, methanol conversion and catalyst life * Reduced silver requirements * Greater resistance to plant upsets and poisoning * Improved formaldehyde product quality * Technology demonstrated worldwide 3.2.2FORMOX Process The FORMOX process is the direct oxidation of methanol with metal oxide catalysts (iron, molybdenum or vanadium oxide) to produce formaldehyde. Normally, the catalyst used for this process is a mixture of molybdenum and iron in a ratio of 1.5:2.0. Due to the development of this catalyst, a few advantages have been attributed to this process over the silver catalyst processes. This will be discussed in the later part of this report. The FORMOX process can be characterised as follows: 1. Two stage oxidation reaction in gaseous state. This prevents waste that would have been generated by use of a solvent.6 2. Reaction carried out under atmospheric pressure and at lower temperatures (270 400 °C), results in an almost complete reaction. 6 3. Careful adjustments of process conditions help prevent the formation of unwanted by-products. These side reactions occur at temperatures exceeding 470 °C. 6 4. The conversion rate for this process is relatively high with a high optimization process. 5. One short-coming of this process is with the tail gas that has lots of impurities and flammable components. The alternative route used instead of combustion is in the addition of fuel to the system which burns the tail gas as a supplement for energy in other start-up processes. 6 In summary, the green advantages of the three commercial processes can be summarised as follows: 7 1. Few unit operations 2. Waste is minimised by a highly selective reaction 3. Use of catalysts to optimise process reactions 4. Water used as the only solvent 5. Reaction carried out at atmospheric pressure 6. Gas-phase reaction for the FORMOX process means that catalyst does not have to be recovered from solution 7. Recovery of energy from exothermic reactions to help reduce environmental and economic impacts. 8. High conversion rates achieved through efficient use of equipment, energy and material 9. Use of air as oxidant instead of chemical oxidising agents reducing the toxicity and by-products formed. 3.3Development of New Processes Various research works have been carried out for developing new formaldehyde synthesis. Unfortunately, there has been no existence of commercial units of the techniques discussed below: 1. Partial oxidation of methane to produce formaldehyde which has an advantage of reducing raw material costs of producing the methanol from methane. The inducement for such a process is reduction of raw material costs by avoiding the capital and expense of producing the methanol from methane. 12 2. Production of anhydrous or highly concentrated formaldehyde solutions via dehydrogenation of methanol. In some instances, energy costs are reduced as well as effluent generation, and losses, providing a more favorable condition. 12 3. Formaldehyde production from methylal (produced from methanol and formaldehyde) which is in two phases. Firstly, methylal oxidation which yields up to 70% of the concentrated formaldehyde product as compared to methanol oxidation with 55%. After this, methylal is produced by reacting formaldehyde obtained in aqueous recycle streams from other units with methanol as opposed to recovery by other more costly means, e.g. distillation and evaporation. Development of this process is complete. 12 Further research is still being carried out in the use of bacteria to produce formaldehyde. This will not be discussed in this report. 4.0ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH FORMALDEHYDE REFERENCES 1. Formaldehyde Council, I. (2007, November). Formaldehyde: Facts and Background Information. Retrieved May 10, 2010, from http://www.formaldehyde.org/_base/pdf/fact_sheets/11_01_07-FormadehydeFactsandBackgroundInformation.pdf 2. Daily, C. (2004, April 01). The Chemistry Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 07, 2010, from http://www.chemistrydaily.com/chemistry/Formaldehyde 3. Council, N. R. (1981). Formaldehyde and other Aldehydes. Washington, D.C, USA. 4. Wikimedia. (2010, May 02). Formaldehyde. Retrieved May 07, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formaldehyde 5. Harrison, K. (1998, July). Formaldehyde. Retrieved May 07, 2010, from 3d Chem: http://www.3dchem.com/molecules.asp?ID=101 6. Wiley, I. (2006). Formaldehyde. Retrieved May 07, 2010, from Ullmans Encyclopedia of IndustrialChemistry: http://mrw.interscience.wiley.com.resourceproxy.manchester.ac.uk/emrw/9783527306732/ueic/article/a11_619/current/pdf 7. Chuck, R. (n.d.). A Catalytic Green Process for the Production of Niacin. Retrieved May 07, 2010, from Lonza Group: http://www.lonza.com/group/en/company/news/publications_of_lonza.-ParSys-0002-ParSysdownloadlist-0026-DownloadFile.pdf/25_A%20Catalytic%20Green%20Process%20for%20the%20Production%20of%20Niacin.pdf 8. Wikimedia. (2010, April 15). Trioxane. Retrieved May 07, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,3,5-Trioxane 9. Smith, S. (2010). What is formaldehyde resin? Retrieved May 07, 2010, from Wisegeek: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-formaldehyde-resin.htm 10. Walker, J. F. (1967). Formaldehyde. Wilmington, Delaware: Reinhold Publishing Corporation. 11. GFRT. (Updated 2010). Silver Catalysts. Retrieved May 07, 2010, from Global Formaldehyde and Resin Technologies: http://www.globalformaldehyde.com/silver.htm 12. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Formaldehyde, Vol12. John Wiley Sons.

Francis King “Making It All Right”

The text â€Å"Making it all right† by Francis King is written in a style of fiction. This extract is about how Mary and her husband Bob were admiring their screen, which was picked up in a little junkshop, and how they had it remounted. So at the beginning of the text we see Bob, Mary and Diana friendly speaking about their friend Iris, whom they were going to make a call. Suddenly their attention was attracted by Diana Lucas, who began to edge a six-panel gold screen out from the wall. And they saw the filth behind it. During this Bob was sitting and staring at the Chinese silk carpet.The author describe him as a big and clumsy chap using such epithet â€Å"clumsy hands†. But Bob wasn’t going to grumble about her and he’s been with her twelve years. And he really appreciated in her the thing that she was a good cook and to show it the author uses the epithet â€Å"a lovely cook†. The clich? â€Å"on a good day† is used to show that they did not care very much about that carpet. After all they decided to call her but they did not know whether would be suitable. Besides she was on her own and seemed â€Å"utterly lost†, this metonymy which describes her in a very bad condition.But then Diana fidgeted with the screen and their attention again was attracted by the beauty of it. To show their admiration the author uses the proverb â€Å"The gold alone is worth a fortune†. And at the end of the text we can see the remembering of that how they picked up it in a small junkshop and how it had been remounted by a little man – a real artist. After that they anyway decided to put through that call. To my mind the idea of the story is that sometimes it is possible to remount thing which are in ghastly condition.

Barack Obam A New Leader - 1296 Words

After 9/11 the United States needed a new leader to make the U.S. a â€Å"powerhouse† again. This crisis was very devastating to everyone and the U.S. needed a leader who could help rebuild the country. The foundations of choosing a president is based on great leaders of the country over many years since the beginning. Ironically, Barack Obama does not meet any of these principles of a good leader. Obama is one of the most controversial presidents of all time because of his personal background, passed laws, and debatable decisions. Barack Obama is often questioned when talking about his background. Barack Hussein Obama II was born in August 4, 1961, in Honolulu, Hawaii. He grew up with his sister, Maya Soetoro-Ng, mother, Ann Dunham, grandfather, Stanley Armour Dunham, and grandmother, Madelyn Dunham. His father, Barack Obama Sr., left his family when Obama was ten years old. Barack Obama later found out that his father died in a car crash in Nairobi. Obama wanted to have a father in his life, but he would have to live without a father for the rest of his life. Stanley Armour Dunham took the role of being Barack Obama’s father by teaching him life lessons and guiding him throughout his schooling. After high school, Barack Obama attended Occidental College, Columbia Gombos 2 University, and Harvard Law School. While Obama was enrolled in Occidental College, he traveled to Pakistan for three weeks to visit college friends. Some people later questioned his alliances with Pakistan

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